Discussion question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Discussion question - Coursework Example Thus, it can be affirmed that this test is appropriate to use while measuring the efficiency of distinct variables that remain present within a study. Similarly, an example of non-parametric test is reckoned to be ‘Kruskal-Wallis Test’, which is applied to evaluate three or beyond samples. These tests can be used in the presence of a single nominal and measurement variable and are executed upon ranked data (Hecke, 2010). Investigators ought to make certain basic assumptions to conduct ANOVA. In this regard, the values of errors must be considered as zero with assuming the errors as independent. In this similar context, certain assumptions must also be adhered by the investigators while running ‘Kruskal-Wallis Test’. An ordinal scale must be used to assess the two variables. The independent variables must inculcate in excess of two independent groups (Hecke, 2010). The data analysis plan involves a number of steps. These include identifying the research problems, specifying assumptions and drawing references. Specially mentioning, to address the study hypothesis, one can make greater use of ‘multiple t-tests’. By considering the fact that the study hypothesis is based on nursing criteria, one of the measures relating to central tendency i.e. ‘mode’ will be reported for demographic variables. This will aid in measuring all the frequencies of the collected values, making the study hypothesis quite reliable and justified (METU,

The Total Tourist Experience Essay Example for Free

The Total Tourist Experience Essay The travel and tourism industry is made up of six different components, they are: * Travel Agents * Tour Operators * Transportation * Accommodation and Catering * Tourist development and Promotion * Tourist Attractions Should a tourist decide to take a holiday, he/she is likely to visit a travel agent to inquire about various holidays on offer and prices available. Travel agents are agents for tour operators; they sell package holidays, products and services on behalf of the tour operator and are paid a commission or fee by the tour operator. Travel agents offer products and services such as; travel insurance, flights, car-hire, ferry crossings, train tickets, advice etc. There are two types of travel agents; they are the Retail Travel Agent and the Business Travel Agent. The larger Business Travel Agents are members of the Guild of Business Travel Agents (GBTA) and make up over 80% of business travel arrangements through travel agencies. Leading GBTA Business Travel Agents are, American Express Europe Ltd, Britannic Travel Ltd, Carlson Wagonlits, Hogg Robinson Travel Ltd, Portman Travel Ltd and Seaforth Travel Ltd. The Business Travel Agents concentrate on the sale of travel related products to business clients and are sometimes located in an office within the organisation, for which they provide travel arrangements (in-house). Business travel involves getting the client to the appropriate destination for business meetings and related duties. The Retail Travel Agents belong to the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA). The role of the Retail Travel Agent is to provide a location, where tourists who are seeking information about travel plans will go. The Retail Travel Agents sell arrange of leisure and recreation travel products and services to outgoing, incoming and domestic tourists. They act as a link between customers and tour operators; they are in constant contact with airlines and car hire companies. Contact is maintained over the phone, through the post and the computer systems in place e.g. Amadeus, Galileo, Sabre, and World Span. Many Retail Travel Agents advise customers, suggest possible holidays, answer questions, make bookings and help customers with travel problems. They also sell ancillary products and services e.g. travel insurance, foreign currency, travellers cheques etc. There are four main leading travel agents, they are; Lunn Poly Ltd, Going Places, The Thomas Cook Group and Carlson Worldchoice. Between them, they sell over 60% of inclusive tours in the UK and account for 1/3 of the total number of high street travel agency branches in the UK. A tourist is most likely to choose a holiday that is an inclusive deal e.g. flights and accommodation. These deals have been designed and compiled by a tour operator. Tour operators provide a wide range of products and services for domestic, outgoing and incoming tourists. They arrange transport, accommodation and leisure activities to make up the holiday package. Holiday packages are usually sold through travel agents. Due to customer demand, tour operators offer flexible options for their customers e.g. flight only and multi-centred holidays. Tour operators usually belong to ABTA or the Association of International Tour Operators (AITO). Tour operators can specialise e.g. selling to the mass market, which means they offer tours to the general public and cater for all their needs and outbound tour operators who organise package holidays abroad. Examples of tour operators are; Thomson Holidays Ltd and Airtours plc. There are specialist long haul operators e.g. Kuoni Travel Ltd. Travel Scene specialise in city breaks while Crystal and Ski Bound specialise in winter sports. Tour operators publicise their products through their own direct marketing e.g. Thomson Holidays Ltd own Portland Direct and Airtours plc own Direct Holidays. Thomson Holidays Ltd also encourages direct bookings from their brochures or packages, which are advertised and sold through travel agents. A tourist who is going on holiday can choose from a variety of different transportation methods, they include cars, trains, planes or boats. Transportation means providing travel to and from a destination, travelling around a destination or it can be the main feature of a tourists trip. Transport can be divided into four different categories, they are: * Air- scheduled flights, charter flights or air taxis * Water- ferries, cruise ships, hover crafts or river boats * Road- cars, motorbikes, coaches or buses * Rail- trains, tubes or trams The transport networks are the air, water and land routes, which various forms of transport travel along. Each network has starting and ending points, which are known as termini. Air travel has scheduled flights, which operate regularly according to published schedules or timetables e.g. Virgin Atlantic Airways fly five times a week to New York and three times a week to South Africa. Charter flights only operate when they are hired for a particular purpose. Tourists tend to take scheduled flights, as they are affordable, faster and convenient. Charter flights are expensive and need to be organised through companies. Tourists often have a choice of transport routes when deciding how to travel to their destinations, these include; sea- (ferries and cruises), which tend to be slow but flexible as tourists can take their cars on the channel crossings. Road- (motorways, auto-bahns, major trunk roads and the channel tunnel) this is a flexible means of transport. Finally, rail- (high speed lines and scenic railways) this is a quick means of transport to a destination. The choice of transport and type of route taken is based on four factors; cost, convenience and availability, journey time and services provided by the transport carrier. There is a variety of accommodation available for a tourist. It can range from five star hotel accommodations through to basic bed and breakfasts. The type of accommodation chosen by a tourist is usually dependent on his/her budget. Whilst on holiday a tourist will have a wide variety of catering facilities to choose from. He/she will choose a restaurant or takeaway that serves the food of his/her choice. Accommodation and catering are organisations, which provide tourists with places to stay and to eat. In the UK there are many single outlets and multinational operators. Catering services operate separately from accommodation in some cases. Restaurants, pubs, fast-food outlets and cafes provide arrange of choices from quick snacks to haute cuisines. Some restaurants offer fixed priced menus or a la carte menus, where customers pay for separate items. Pubs are popular as they provide cooked meals, hot snacks, salads and sandwiches with alcohol. Fast-food outlets are convenient and offer items such as hamburgers, pizzas, pasta and baked potatoes. Examples of fast-food outlets are Mc Donalds and KFC. Tourists who are travelling either by plane or train e.g. Eurostar, are often offered catering, which is prepared and packaged meals. Accommodation can be divided into serviced or self-catering. Full serviced means it includes meals and house keeping. Examples of places that offer serviced accommodation is hotels, motels, guest houses or lodges. Serviced accommodation can be divided in a number of ways including the number of bedrooms, small- (ten rooms or less), medium- (eleven-fifty rooms) and large- (more than fifty rooms). Serviced establishments are awarded a rating, which indicates the range of facilities provided. The National Tourist Boards (NTBs) for England, Scotland and Wales have developed the Crown Classification System for hotels, guesthouses, bed and breakfasts and farmhouses. The number of crowns awarded represents the range of facilities and services provided. Self-catering accommodation means tourists are provided with accommodation but have to provide their own food, this type of accommodation is usually cheaper as fewer services are provided. Examples of self-catering are, apartments, camping sites, timeshare and chalets. The tourist board inspectors check both serviced and self-catering accommodations and each of the establishments are graded for quality e.g. Travel Lodge is for budget accommodation while grand hotels e.g. The Ritz and The Hilton are classed as five star accommodations. Tourist development and promotion are the support services of the industry and will work together to provide a tourist with an informative and interesting holiday experience. Tourist development and promotion comprises of tourism support, promotion services, Tourist Information Centres (TICs) and guiding services. Many local authorities have specific departments to support and develop tourism in different areas. This support includes marketing the area with the aid of brochures, distributing accommodation and entertainment guides and attending travel exhibitions to promote their areas. NTBs and Regional Tourist Boards (RTBs) work with local authorities to promote and develop local areas; this involves providing a wide range of services such as educational material, publicity guides and visitor guides. I will discuss each organisation that aids tourist development: * The British Tourist Authority (BTA) is an official government organisation formed in 1969 in conjunction with tourists boards for Scotland, Wales and England. Their role is to build the value of tourism to Britain by promoting tourism in Britain. The BTA advertises overseas, it also advises the government and businesses about tourism and carries out research. The BTA works with the Scottish, English, Welsh and Regional Tourist Boards to encourage inbound travel to the UK. It also works with the Department of Culture, Media and-Sport (DCMS), and liases with the British council and diplomatic staff to increase awareness as a travel destination. * NTBs are responsible for promoting domestic tourism in their respective areas. There are four main tourist boards, they are, the English Tourism Council (ETC), Scottish Tourist Board (STB), Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) and Welsh Tourist Board (WTB). In Wales people refer to the WTB as Bwrdd Croeso Cymru. There are also separate tourist boards for the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey. They have similar objectives, which include, advising the government on tourism matters, creating wealth and jobs, enhancing the image of their areas etc. * There are three RTBs in Wales and ten in England: * RTBs work together with NTBs to promote their areas; they have common programs under contract with the NTBs, such as information collection and networked tourist information centre systems. RTBs receive grants from the Central and National governments but they have to raise a portion of the income from commercial activities. * Local Authorities play an important role in developing, promoting and managing tourism in their areas e.g. Poole and Dorset are local authorities that work with local businesses to provide websites that promote tourism. Tourist attractions serve as sites of interest for a tourist. A tourist may visit different sites in connection with his or her private interests. The ETC defines a visitor attraction as: A permanently established excursion destination, a primary purpose of which is to allow public access for entertainment, interest or education, rather than being a primary retail outlet or venue for sporting, theatrical or film performances. It must be open to the public, without prior booking, for published periods each year, and should be capable of attracting day visitors or tourists as well as local residents. Outhart, T. Taylor, L. Barker, R. Marvell, A. (2000) Unit 1: Investigating travel and tourism, Structure of the travel and tourism industry. Advanced Vocational Travel and Tourism, London, Collins, p. 60. Attractions can be further divided into natural and built. Built attractions have been built by man or women e.g. Hampton Court Palace was built by King Henry VIII as a royal residents and today it is a tourist attraction because of its link to royalty and its preserved art work. Natural attractions have occurred through nature e.g. Cheddar Gorge. Some attractions are run by the private sector for a profit e.g. Madame Tussauds, while others are run by charities, such as, the National Trust or controlled by the public sector e.g. Stonehenge. Theme and leisure park attractions are action packed, family centred leisure and entertainment complexes, which often include technological versions of fun fair rides e.g. Alton Towers, Chessington World of Adventures etc. People are attracted to theme parks as it can be a family day out, as most theme parks have a variety of rides that cater for all age groups e.g. Blackpool Pleasure Beach, has a huge roller coaster, which is an attraction within itself. Heritage and historic sites range from century old historic sites e.g. Stonehenge to castles, cathedrals and stately homes. The majority of these historic sites were erected for a specific purpose in history e.g. castles were the residents/home to royalty, cathedrals were places of worship and the Tower of London served as a jail. Many historic buildings are owned by religious organisations or government agencies e.g. the historic royal palaces. The Museums Association defines a museum as: An institution which collects, preserves, exhibits and interprets material evidence and associated information for the public benefit. Outhart, T. Taylor, L. Barker, R. Marvell, A. (2000) Unit 1: Investigating travel and tourism, Structure of the travel and tourism industry. Advanced Vocational Travel and Tourism, London, Collins, p. 63. In other words, they are protestors of works of art. Museums are important for regional and local areas, as they protect and exhibit works of art or history from local areas e.g. Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum attracted over a million visitors in 1998, as people were interested in Scottish history. Countryside visitor attractions provide opportunities for people to enjoy leisure pastimes e.g. picnics, walks etc. Many areas have urban parks e.g. Hyde Park in London or gardens e.g. Kew Gardens. The best-known areas of countryside attractions are the national parks. National parks are protected areas of land; they protect the fauna and flora of the local area. There are not many facilities available to the public in these areas. Some parks may offer accommodation and activities, such as; walking, abseiling or pony trekking but these activities will be limited. There are now eleven national parks in England and Wales e.g. Dartmoor, Snowdonia, Lake District etc. All the above components of the travel and tourism industry work simultaneously to provide a total tourist experience for a tourist or visitor. It starts with a tour operator, who will plan the holiday to the travel agent, who sells the package. The airline, train or ferry will provide the transport to the hotels or campsites, where the tourist will sleep (accommodation), to whichever restaurant or take away that he/she eats from (catering). The tourist might then visit an attraction that has been promoted in some way, either by the tourist board or through the local tourist information kiosk. These components are invisibly linked but work together to make sure that the tourist enjoys his/her visit to such an extent that he/she will return or by word of mouth, to generate other visitors.

Barbie: Feminisms Best Friend or Worst Enemy Essay -- Argumentative P

Barbie: Feminism's Best Friend or Worst Enemy Ask any five year old American girl who Barbie is and she will most likely run into her bedroom and grab Barbie off the shelf. She will frill up her mini skirt and try to make her walk in her tiny plastic heels. Excitedly, she will hold her up for you to admire. A tiny miniature woman will stand in front of you, only about six inches tall. Her long blonde hair accents her sparkling blue eyes and huge white smile. Her long plastic legs bend only slightly and her pointy breasts perk out of her hot pink tank top. She doesn’t look like anything a five year old would play with, but Barbie is obviously her favorite. How does a five year old relate to Barbie? She isn’t comforting to cuddle with, you can’t change her diapers and put her to sleep in her crib. Barbie is an indendent woman, standing tall over baby dolls and stuffed animals and other juevinile toys young girls display in their bedrooms. The majority of toys that little girls played with a hundred years ago were toys that dealt with the home. Miniature tea sets and rag dolls protrayed a girl’s future life and mimicked her mother’s behavior. Barbie was not created quite yet, the sexy image and revealing clothing would be offensive, even immoral, when girls were supposed to stay home and take care of the children. It wasn’t until the 1950’s that Barbie was first introduced. She shined brightly from her pink cardboard package next to the dozens of baby dolls surrounding her. Barbie was stunningly different. She was a woman, not a baby doll, she had no spouse, she had no children, she drove a sports car, and she was sexy. As Barbie became a household word, the mindset of mothers in America was changing ... ...moved beyond the stereotype of growing up only to become a housewife. But eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia have also reached an all-time high. Girls at the young age of twelve are already looking in the mirror and starting to count calories. Could Barbie have had anything to do with this? Who is Barbie? What exactly does she represent? Does she symbolize independence, glamour, wealth, and success? Or does she symbolize sex, a false body image, and an unacheivable identity? Barbie’s not going anywhere, and chances are, she will be sitting on the next generation’s bedroom shelf, wearing the latest clothing, and still displaying her bright smile. It is up to our generation, as mothers and fathers, to teach our baby girls who Barbie really is. It is important they not only love Barbie for her unattainable beauty, but for her strong feminity.

Business Analysis& Decision Making Essay

According to Haslam, Neale and Johal (2000), `the total factor productivity us in general defined in two main types; the Level of labour and capital and their efficiency of production; and the productivity of the firm. The productivity of capital and labour is calculated as: total outputs divided by inputs of labour and capital`. Labour cost in a company makes a major part of the production cost and should be therefore most cost efficient. The total employment divided to the total physical output equals the total labour productivity†¦.EXAMPLE†¦ If a company produces more the one product or provides service rather the manufactured it can be difficult to recognise the physical output. Therefore, financial proxies such as value added or net output of employment are used. In order to compare the figures fair with each other, financial indexes can be produced. `This is possible by dividing the total number of labour hours into the value added`, (Haslam, Neale and Johal, 2000). The result of this calculation is the value added generated by labour hour. This index can be compare not just with the past years of production of a firm, in addition it is possible to compare with other companies to obtain a broad prospective about labour productivity and how efficient labour is used. Furthermore, over the years inflation changes the purchasing power of money and capital productivity varies. Assts may change value due to depreciation or capital consumption. Therefore, companies analyse the value added per  £ of fixed assets. `Capital productivity is calculated as capital stock (before depreciation or capital consumption) divided into the net output or value added figure`, (Haslam, Neale and Johal, 2000). The relationship between a growing product market and productivity is that; in a growing market the demand of a manufactured good increase. The result is an increase in volumes produced and sold. However, productivity is the output less the cost of production. Therefore, a growing market is not the only factor in order to achieve greater productivity. Like it was briefly pointed out in the paragraph above, labour cost is expensive and therefore should be used efficiently. A boost in productivity may occur whilst improving the productive flow. Due to the introduction of new techniques, working methods such as cell or mass production; and technical inventions such as conveyors labour costs can be cut and productivity increased. Another factor for increasing productivity may be employees’ satisfaction. In addition, in a growing market it comes to fragmentation and segmentation and the market matures. In order to stay competitive many firms lower their prices, which results less revenue generated. Employee satisfaction Labour time most efficient used labour efficiency, product quality, brand recognition and the economy Haslam, Neale and Johal, Economics in a Business context 3rd edition, Thomson Learning 2000, London

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Free Essays on Margaret Sanger

â€Å"No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her own body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not become a mother† (Sanger 1920). Woman of the Twenty-First century have many reliable options to choose from when deciding on the birth control method that is right for them until they decide to conceive. Yet, birth control was not always available to woman in the United States. The Comstock Act signed into law by President Grant in 1873, restricted the transport of contraceptives, or any information about them through the mail. Many women, who were later joined by a few men, fought relentlessly for the primal right of every person to have absolute control over their own body. The main front runner in the fight for woman to have the means to take control over her own destiny was Margaret Sanger. As a visiting nurse and midwife in New York’s slums, Margaret Sanger got a front row seat to the despair facing many women in the early 20th century. The state of the people in which Margaret worked with was a nightmare to her. â€Å"There seemed no sense to it all, no reason for such waste of mother life, no right to exhaust women’s vitality and throw them on the scrap-heap before the age of thirty five† (Sanger 1931). She heard of many ways the woman try to induce abortion unsuccessfully. Even on the days she worked in better parts of town she would hear women consulting midwives and doctors for advice on limiting their families, but were denied any information. (Sanger 1931) Margaret began asking the doctors what she could do herself to help the women and was told to stay out of it or Anthony Comstock would be after her. She was then told about the laws that existed against â€Å"this kind of thing.† But, Margaret still wanted to do something to help women have access to contraception methods. Then, she contacted Feminist groups who laughed at the idea of bringing such ... Free Essays on Margaret Sanger Free Essays on Margaret Sanger â€Å"No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her own body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not become a mother† (Sanger 1920). Woman of the Twenty-First century have many reliable options to choose from when deciding on the birth control method that is right for them until they decide to conceive. Yet, birth control was not always available to woman in the United States. The Comstock Act signed into law by President Grant in 1873, restricted the transport of contraceptives, or any information about them through the mail. Many women, who were later joined by a few men, fought relentlessly for the primal right of every person to have absolute control over their own body. The main front runner in the fight for woman to have the means to take control over her own destiny was Margaret Sanger. As a visiting nurse and midwife in New York’s slums, Margaret Sanger got a front row seat to the despair facing many women in the early 20th century. The state of the people in which Margaret worked with was a nightmare to her. â€Å"There seemed no sense to it all, no reason for such waste of mother life, no right to exhaust women’s vitality and throw them on the scrap-heap before the age of thirty five† (Sanger 1931). She heard of many ways the woman try to induce abortion unsuccessfully. Even on the days she worked in better parts of town she would hear women consulting midwives and doctors for advice on limiting their families, but were denied any information. (Sanger 1931) Margaret began asking the doctors what she could do herself to help the women and was told to stay out of it or Anthony Comstock would be after her. She was then told about the laws that existed against â€Å"this kind of thing.† But, Margaret still wanted to do something to help women have access to contraception methods. Then, she contacted Feminist groups who laughed at the idea of bringing such ...

British Literature Essay Example

British Literature Essay Example British Literature Essay British Literature Essay Essay Topic: Absalom Absalom Charlotte Temple Dubliners Mark Twain Mrs Dalloway Pygmalion Short Fiction of Dh Lawrence Tale Of Two Cities The Picture of Dorian Gray The Red Badge Of Courage This lesson is a continuance of the survey of British literature and will concentrate on literature from the Neoclassic Time period to today. This lesson is merely an overview of some of the writers and literary plants produced in England during a peculiar period. There are many other writers that made of import parts to the literature of this clip period. The periods of British Literature are: Classical Period ( 1200 BC to 455 AD ) Medieval Period ( 455 AD to 1485 ) Renaissance and the Commonwealth Period ( 1485 to 1660 ) Neoclassic Period ( 1660 to 1790 ) Romantic Period ( 1790 to 1830 ) Victorian Period ( 1832 to 1901 ) Edwardian Era ( 1901 to 1910 ) Modernism ( 1914 to 1945 ) Post-Modernism Time period from 1945 to the present Neoclassic Period ( 1660-1790 ) The Enlightenment ( besides referred to as the Neoclassic Time period or the Age of Reason ) was based on the construct that people could happen flawlessness and felicity through ground and cognition. This basically humanist vision was characterized by a opposition to spiritual authorization. The Enlightenment began during the seventeenth and 18th centuries in Europe and finally distribute to America. The Restoration. the Augustan Age. and the Age of Johnson were clip periods that were included in the Enlightenment. Literature from the colonial period and the beginning of the radical period in American literature developed during this clip. Two outstanding American writers of the epoch were Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. During the Restoration. British sovereign Charles II was restored to the throne ( hence the name of the epoch ) . taging the diminution of the Puritan influence on British literature. Writers of the Neoclassical Period John Dryden Dryden ( 1631-1700 ) was an English poet and playwright. Some of his celebrated verse forms include Astrea Redux. Absalom and Achitophel. and The Hind and the Panther. He is besides known for his drama All for Love. Dryden was the British poet laureate from 1670 to 1689. John Locke Locke ( 1631-1704 ) was an English philosopher who wrote the essay Concerning Human Understanding. He believed that the lone manner a individual could derive cognition was through experience. Locke’s Two Treatises on Government promoted thoughts about democracy. William Wycherley Wycherley ( 1640-1716 ) was an English playwright whose plants include Love in a Wood. The Country Wife. and The Plain Dealer. Samuel Pepys Samuel Pepys ( 1633-1703 ) was a authorities functionary and author who lived in England. His celebrated Diary is an of import beginning of the life styles and history of the English people. Aphra Behn Behn ( 1640-1689 ) was an English novelist and playwright and the first female to do a life from her authorship. Some of her plants include Oroonoko. The Forced Marriage. The Rover. and The Lucky Chance. The Augustan Age ( 1700-1750 ) . named for the Roman emperor Augustus. witnessed a return to the Latin literature of the ancient Roman Empire. British authors were influenced by the plants of the ancient Roman poets Horace and Virgil during this epoch. Writers of the Augustan Age Joseph Addison Addison ( 1672-1719 ) was an English poet. litterateur. playwright. and member of Parliament. One of his well-known literary plant was the verse form The Campaign. Sir Richard Steele Steele ( 1672-1729 ) was an litterateur and playwright from Ireland. With Joseph Addison. he founded the diaries The Tattler. The Spectator. and The Guardian. He was elected to Parliament and was subsequently knighted. Two of his dramas include The Funeral and The Conscious Lovers. Jonathan Swift Swift ( 1667-1745 ) was an Irish ironist who used Juvenalian sarcasm to knock the society of his twenty-four hours in Gulliver’s Travels. Some of his other plants include A Tale of a Tub and A Modest Proposal. In 1694. he was ordained in the Church of England. Alexander Pope Pope ( 1688-1784 ) was a poet and author of sarcasm who was celebrated for his usage of the epic pair in his Hagiographas. Some of his plants include The Rape of the Lock. The Temple of Fame. An Essay on Man. and Moral Essays. Daniel Defoe Defoe ( 1660-1731 ) was a journalist who wrote Robinson Crusoe. Some of his other plants include The True-Born Englishman. Moll Flanders. and A Journal of the Plague Year. he Age of Johnson. named for Samuel Johnson ( an of import figure in English literature in the late 1700s ) . lasted from 1750-1790. Writers of the Age of Johnson Samuel Johnson Johnson ( 1709-1784 ) was an English writer celebrated for his Dictionary of the English Language. The History of Rasselas. Prince of Abissinia. and The Lifes of the English Poets. He is besides remembered for organizing a group of authors called the Literary Club. Oliver Goldsmith Goldsmith ( 1728-1774 ) was an English playwright. litterateur. poet. and novelist and was a member of the Literary Club. Goldsmith wrote the novel The Vicar of Wakefield. Other plants include the verse form The Deserted Village and the drama She Stoops to Conquer. Edmund Burke Burke ( 1729-1797 ) served as a member of Parliament during the American Revolution. He supported the rights of the settlers and urged the British authorities to compromise with the American settlements. Some of his Hagiographas were critical of the Gallic Revolution. Robert Burns Burns ( 1759-1796 ) was a Scots songster and poet. Two of Burns’ better known vocals are Auld Lang Syne and Comin’ Thro’ the Rye. James Boswell Boswell ( 1740-1795 ) was a Scots writer who wrote the life The Life of Samuel Johnson. He was a member of Samuel Johnson’s Literary Club. and the two work forces traveled together. Boswell’s Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides is an history of one of their trips. Edward Gibbon Gibbon ( 1737-1794 ) was a prima historian whose most celebrated work was the History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Thomas Gray Gray ( 1716-1771 ) was an English poet whose manner was used by many of the Romantic authors. His most celebrated work was Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard. Olaudah Equiano Equiano ( c. 1750 – c. 1797 ) was an African slave who was brought to the West Indies. He received some instruction and was subsequently granted his freedom by his maestro. He was the first black to compose an autobiography in England. He wrote The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano. or Gustavus Vassa. the African in 1789. Romantic Period ( 1790-1830 ) Romanticism is the school of idea and period of literature in which emotion. passion. and imaginativeness are considered more of import than ground and intuition more of import than logic. During the Romantic Period. most authors were discontented with commercial. inhuman. and standardised conditions. Many Romantic authors portrayed people in unrealistic state of affairss. To get away from modern life. the Romantics turned their involvement to remote and faraway topographic points. the medieval yesteryear. folklore and fables. nature. and the common people. Romantics glorified the person and believed that people must be free from restricting regulations and able to develop separately. The Romantic novels described exciting escapades. unexplained events. and the evil influences of compulsions. Writers of the Romantic Period William Blake. Blake ( 1757-1827 ) was an English poet. creative person. and outstanding figure of Romanticism. Some of his plants included Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Blake created the illustrations in some of his books such as The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. William Wordsworth Wordsworth ( 1770-1850 ) was a Romantic poet whose literary plants focused on the beauty of nature. He teamed with Samuel Taylor Coleridge to compose Lyrical Ballads. taging the beginning of the Romantic motion. Other plants include The Solitary Reaper and the autobiographical verse form Prelude. Samuel Coleridge Coleridge ( 1772-1834 ) was a poet and philosopher from England. He coauthored Lyrical Ballads with William Wordsworth. His most celebrated plants include The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan. Percy Bysshe Shelly Shelly ( 1792-1822 ) was an English poet whose many verse forms contained political and spiritual subjects. His plants include Ode to the West Wind. The Cloud. and The Skylark. John Keats Keats ( 1795-1821 ) was a poet who focused on decease. love. and beauty. His plants include Ode to a Nightingale and On a Greek Urn. Sir Walter Scott Scott ( 1771-1832 ) was a Scots novelist and poet who became a attorney in 1792. He was credited with making the historical novel. Scott became one of the taking literary figures of his twenty-four hours. Scott’s works of poesy include The Lay of the Last Minstrel. Marmion. and The Lady of the Lake. His novels include Waverley. The Tale of Old Mortality. The Heart of Midlothian. Ivanhoe. The Talisman. St. Ronan’s Well. A Legend of Montrose. and Quentin Durward. Jane Austen Austen ( 1775-1814 ) was an English novelist who incorporated her observations of the manners and society of her clip. Through duologue and narrative. she allowed her characters to be guided by common sense and traditional values. Her more celebrated plants include Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice. Gothic fresh Gothic novels use horror and mediaeval elements such as palaces and keeps. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Highs are illustrations of Gothic novels. Writers of Gothic Novels Ann Radcliffe Radcliffe ( 1764-1823 ) wrote The Mysteries of Udolpho and The Italian. The scene of most of her work involved guiltless immature adult females. dark cryptic palaces. and Lords with secret yesteryears. Horace Walpole Horace Walpole ( 1717-1797 ) wrote The Castle of Otranto. considered by some to be the first Gothic novel. every bit good as over 4. 000 published letters. Writers in the Victorian Period ( 1832-1901 ) wrote about the life conditions of the lower category. The Victorian Period was besides marked by sentimental novels. The modern play appeared toward the terminal of the Victorian Age. Writers of the Victorian Period of Literature ( 1832-1901 ) Alfred Lord Tennyson Tennyson ( 1809-1892 ) served as the poet laureate of Great Britain from 1850 to 1892. Some of his plants include Ulysses and The Charge of the Light Brigade. Robert Browning Browning ( 1812-1889 ) used dramatic soliloquy in his Hagiographas. Some of his plants include Pippa Passes. The Pied Piper of Hamelin. Bells and Pomegranates. and My Last Duchess. Anne Bronte Anne Bronte ( 1820-1849 ) was the youngest of the three Bronte sisters. Her novels include Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Oscar Wilde Wilde ( 1854-1900 ) was an Irish writer who published merely one novel. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Wilde wrote many comedies. including A Woman of No Importance and The Importance of Being Earnest. Thomas Carlyle Carlyle ( 1795-1881 ) was a Scots historiographer and litterateur who criticized the laissez faire philosophy that allowed people to make as they pleased. His plants include Frederick the Great. George Bernard Shaw Shaw ( 1856-1950 ) was an Irish playwright and novelist and a member of the socialist Fabian Society. He wrote over 50 dramas including Pygmalion and won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Edward Lear Lear ( 1812-1888 ) was an English creative person and writer celebrated for his Limericks and children’s verse forms. Lear’s first publication was A Book of Nonsense. and his most celebrated children’s verse form was The Owl and the Pussycat. Charlotte Bronte Charlotte Bronte ( 1816 – 1855 ) was an English writer best known for her fresh Jane Eyre. With her sisters Emily and Anne. she published poesy written picturing their childhood phantasy universe. The verse forms were published under the male anonym of Currer. Ellis. and Acton Bell. Emily Bronte Emily Bronte ( 1818 – 1848 ) was one of the English Bronte sisters famous for their literary manner. Her lone novel was the Gothic Wuthering Heights. Charles Dickens Dickens ( 1812 – 1859 ) gained celebrity as a author of The Pickwick Papers. Many of his literary plants were based on his life experiences and societal conditions in England. His best known plants include A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations. Pre-raphaelite Poets The Pre-Raphaelite poets ( named for the Italian painter Raphael ) of the Victorian Age wanted to return the morality of the medieval epoch to the modern universe. Dante Rossetti Rossetti ( 1828-1882 ) was considered a taking poet and painter in England during the 1800s. His poesy contained imagination and illustrations of symbolism. and his pictures included romantic scenes. His literary plants included Sister Helen and The House of Life. William Morris Morris ( 1834-1896 ) was an English creative person. poet. and societal reformist whose work reflected an involvement in mediaeval art and Gothic architecture. His plants include The Life and Death of Jason. The Earthly Paradise. A Dream of John Ball. and News from Nowhere. Realism ( 1860 – 1914 ) Realist writers described life as it truly existed. Writers examined and exposed the societal. economic. and political jobs of society utilizing the idiom or linguistic communication of the people. Realists saw the corruptness of the Gilded Age and called for reform. They rejected Romanticism. which portrayed people in unrealistic state of affairss. Mark Twain. Bret Harte. and Henry James were authors of Realism. Transcendentalism ( 1800s ) . Transcendentalism was a spiritual and philosophical motion in the early to middle 1800s. Ralph Waldo Emerson ( 1803-1882 ) was the leader of the Transcendentalist motion in America. He believed that people could derive cognition through the usage of their mind instead than from the experiences of their lives. The Transcendentalists rejected formal spiritual instructions. Naturalism Naturalists represented the utmost component of the Realism motion of literature. They believed that household history and environment were the chief influences on the development of a person’s character and that people had no control over their destiny. Political. economic. societal. and heredity factors controlled the actions and destiny of the people. Naturalist authors exposed the maltreatments and agony of people in America. Upton Sinclair described in The Jungle. the predicament of the workers in the meat packing workss in Chicago. Stephen Crane wrote about the agonies of the soldiers during the Civil War in The Red Badge of Courage. Other Naturalist writers included Jack London. Theodore Dreiser. and Eugene O’Neill. Edwardian Period ( 1901-1910 ) This period of British Literature refers to the reign of Edward VII. the eldest boy of Queen Victoria and her hubby Albert. Edward was interested in the humanistic disciplines and founded the Royal College of Music. Writers of the Edwardian Period H. G. Wells Wells ( 1866-1946 ) was a novelist. historian. and well-known writer of scientific discipline fiction. His literary plants include The Time Machine. The War of the Worlds. and The Shape of Things to Come. His Wealth and Happiness of Mankind addressed the societal demands of people in general. Arnold Bennet Bennet ( 1867-1931 ) was an English journalist. novelist. and dramatist. The movie The Madness of King George was an version of one of his dramas. One of his most celebrated plants was A Private Function. Rupert Brook Brook ( 1887-1915 ) was an English poet whose Hagiographas described the lives of people who suffered through the horror of World War I. One of his most celebrated plants is The Soldier. John Masefield Masefield ( 1878-1967 ) was a novelist and poet laureate from England. His plant of poesy include The Everlasting Mercy. Dauber. and Reynard the Fox and the novels Sard Harker and The Bird of Dawning. Modernism ( 1914-1945 ) Modernism was a literary and cultural motion that did non back up the societal. political. or economic values of the 1800s. Part of the ground for the motion off from the 1800s was due to the enormous devastation and loss of life that occurred during World War I. The Modernist motion included art. doctrine. architecture. and literature in both Europe and America. Writers of the Modernism Period William B. Yeats Yeats ( 1865-1939 ) was an Irish dramatist. poet. and playwright who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923. Some of his plants include the verse form The Lake Isle of Innisfree and the dramas The Countess Cathleen and The Land of Heart’s Desire. Seamus Heaney Heaney ( 1939- ) is an Irish poet whose work focuses on the political relations and civilization of Northern Ireland. Some of his plants include The Spirit Level and Wintering Out and North. Dylan Thomas Thomas ( 1914-1953 ) was a Welsh poet who focused on the subjects of faith. decease. and love. His plants include Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog and Adventures in the Skin Trade. Virginia Woolf Woolf ( 1882-1941 ) was an English novelist. Her literary plants focused on societal and economic independency for adult females. Her novels include Mrs. Dalloway. The Years. and Between the Acts. Wilfred Owen. Owen ( 1893-1918 ) was an English author who wrote about World War I. His poesy focuses on the subject that war is non a glorious venture. His plants include Anthem for Doomed Youth. T. S. Eliot Eliot ( 1888–1965 ) was an American Born English poet and dramatist and one of the taking authors of the Modernist period of literature. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948. Some of his work includes The Hollow Men. Ash Wednesday. Four Fours. Murder in the Cathedral. and The Cocktail Party. David Herbert Lawrence Lawrence ( 1885–1930 ) was a novelist whose literary plants focused on how work forces and adult females relate to each other. His most celebrated work was Lady Chatterley’s Lover. His other plants include The Rainbow and The Studies in Authoritative American Literature. Siegfried Sassoon Sassoon ( 1886–1967 ) was a British poet and writer who wrote about the experiences of World War I. Sassoon’s literary plants include The Old Century and Rhymed Ruminations. Aldous Huxley Huxley ( 1894–1963 ) was an English poet and novelist. His novel Brave New World criticized how scientific discipline was destructing the ethical motives of English society. His other plants include Those Barren Leaves and Point Counter Point. Post-modernism Period ( 1945 to the nowadays ) Post-modernism includes some values and beliefs of the Modernism period. Its literature rejects traditional values of society and supports the anti-novel signifier. George Orwell Orwell’s ( 1903-1950 ) Hagiographas reflect his misgiving of authorities and political and societal political orientations. His plants include Nineteen Eighty-Four and the modern fable Animal Farm. Joseph Conrad Conrad ( 1857-1924 ) was a outstanding British novelist of the Post-modernist period. Some of his plants include Lord Jim and Under Western Eyes. Conrad was a established British citizen. holding been born in the Ukraine. James Joyce. Joyce ( 1882-1941 ) was an Irish author who used the stream of consciousness technique. Some of his plants include Ulysses and Finnegans Wake and the short narrative aggregation Dubliners. Katherine Mansfield Mansfield ( 1888-1923 ) was a author from New Zealand whose pen name was Kathleen Beauchamp. Her plants include The Garden Party. Bliss. and In a German Pension. Doris Lessing Lessing ( 1919- ) is an English novelist and writer whose plants focus on the function of adult females in political relations and society. Some of her plants include The Grass is Singing. Children of Violence. Under My Skin. and Walking in the Shade. Nadine Gordimer Gordimer ( 1923- ) is a South African novelist and short narrative author. She won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1991. Her literary plants include None to Attach to Me and The House Gun. Robert Graves Graves ( 1895-1985 ) was an English poet and author. His autobiography. Goodbye to All That. depict the horror of war. Graves’ other work include I Claudius and Claudius the God. Kingsley Amis Amis ( 1922–1995 ) was a novelist and poet from England. His literary plants include Lucky Jim. The Old Devils. The Riverside Villas Murder. The Green Man. and The Folks That Live on the Hill. Anthony Powell Powell ( 1905–2000 ) was an English novelist and dramatist. His dramas include The Garden God and The Rest I’ll Whistle. Powell’s novels include Afternoon Men. Venusberg. From a View to a Death. and Agents and Patients. Powell’s autobiography. To Keep the Ball. was written in four volumes from 1976 to 1982. Muriel Spark Spark ( 1918- ) is a Scots novelist whose literary plants include The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie. A Far Cry from Kensington. and Aiding and Abetting. A. S. Byatt Byatt ( 1936- ) is an English novelist. Her literary plants include Possession. The Shadow of the Sun. and Babel Tower. Martin Amis Amis ( 1949- ) is an English journalist and novelist. Some of his plants include The Rachel Papers. London Fields. Night Train. and Henry Water. The information in this lesson will be a valuable resource for you in the survey of different periods of literature. Remember that this lesson is merely an overview of some of the writers and literary plants produced in Great Britain during this clip period. There are many other writers that made of import parts to the literature of this clip period that were non discussed in this lesson.

2017 Redesigned PSAT Registration

2017 Redesigned PSAT Registration Sophomores and juniors across the country always get a little bit nervous when October rolls around because they know its PSAT test time. And if they dont know, their parents are probably going to remind them. If youre one of those students biting your nails to the quick, dont sweat it. Although, the Redesigned PSAT takes place for the third time ever in October of 2017, you really dont have to do too much to complete your PSAT registration. Heres what you need to know to secure your registration and make sure you take the test that could qualify you for a National Merit Scholarship. Important Redesigned PSAT Registration details: The 2016  PSAT Test dates are Wednesday, October 11, 2017, Saturday, October 14, 2017, or Wednesday, October 25, 2017.The PSAT registration fee is $16 in 2017, although you may not pay anything at all because some schools cover the cost of the entire test for their students. Some schools, however may charge you an additional fee to cover administrative costs, so check with your school counselors before you pony up the money.  When are PSAT scores released?You can get a fee waiver if youre in 11th grade, from a low-income family, and cant afford the testing fee. You will need to meet certain requirements in order to establish your familys income, however, so be sure to read the fee waiver link before testing.  You do not need to register by yourself. Your guidance counselors will set up the registration for you. If PSAT registration is not brought to your attention in school, simply go to your counselor and request to be regtstered for the PSAT.  If you miss the test for some reason and still want to know how youll fare on the SAT, you can ask your counselor for copies of the Official Student Guide to the PSAT/NMSQT or the SAT Preparation Bookletâ„ ¢. If youre home-schooled and would like to take the test, just contact your local public high school to make arrangements - its your right to take it, so theyll get you the appropriate registration information.If you have a disability and require accommodations, they are available to you, but they can take weeks to be accepted. Its important that you start the request early so there is enough time for the College Board to complete your request. You can submit the requests online or with your schools help. Heres the info to do that.   Before You Take the PSAT Before you decide to complete your PSAT registration, you should do a few things. First,  learn the Redesigned PSAT basics. This test is completely different than the old PSAT that your older brothers and sisters have taken. The  PSAT Math Section,  PSAT Reading Section  and  PSAT Writing and Language Section  are all brand new. So what did you miss? If you have no idea what any of these changes are, take a peek at this chart:  Old PSAT vs. Redesigned PSAT.   You can prepare for the PSAT easily with Khan Academy. They provide free PSAT prep to anyone who signs up to ensure that anyone who is interested has equal access to test prep and can score his or her personal bests.

International business finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International business finance - Essay Example It is obvious that each time a business is considering going abroad in its operations, there are likely risks that it is to face. These may be in regards to dealing with the local culture of the new market, the language, business practices and the regulations by the foreign governments (Tolentino 2000). A business has to therefore critically consider these factors before deciding on whether or not to venture on its operations abroad. Legal requirements; this has to be considered to help ensure that the business will oblige to the rules and regulations that support business in the new country (Eitemann, Stonehill & Moffett 1998). Lack of adherence to such rules and regulations normally cause conflicts and business problems in the process of trying to acquire new licenses or permits to commence operations. In most of the developing countries, the procedures or the rules are normally unnecessarily long due to the bureaucracies governing business procedures in those countries (Tolentino 2000). Therefore IBF must expect uphill tasks in obtaining such licenses in both majorities of the Asian and African states. The procedure of venturing into East Europe would not be quite hard since their regulatory procedures are quite easier. IBF should therefore get a way of accessing the legal procedures of the countries they want to exploit in each of the regions identified to avoid the possibility of paying huge fines and penalties for breach of laws. Thorough research on both business and accounting requirements and this will take place by hiring foreign accountant and legal attorney from those countries (Madura 1999). IBF should also consider the language in such a country since language barrier has in the past proved to be the greatest hindrance to business operations. The ease of understanding the official language should therefore be well known in advance. This owes to the fact that language is very important hence the business must consider the possibility and the cost o f hiring a translator in case they have to invest in a country where a language they don’t speak is spoken (Eitemann, Stonehill & Moffett 1998). The other factor is the cross cultural issues; these issues are to a large extent likely to affect business operations depending on the products. This will also dictate the manner in which business operations will be effected since it is not always automatic that business operations take the same direction in different operation environments. Cultural differences may influence the way business associates interact and hence influence the attitude (Tolentino 2000). The business intending to expand its operations abroad should also consider the risks both business and financial that they are likely to face in the foreign markets. This is done through thorough market analysis to weigh the risk exposures and the returns. This will inform on the decision of the prospects to undertake such ventures or drop them. Is risks become more than th e expected returns then the business is not profitable and is as good as not undertaken. Political factors are also necessary since businesses are only able to thrive in peaceful environments. Countries facing political instabilities are not good for business hence should be avoided by IBF due to the high political risks that they are likely to face. Therefore before a business ventures its operations in another country, they

Graduate Labor Market Of Banking Industry In The United Kingdom Essay

Graduate Labor Market Of Banking Industry In The United Kingdom (Information For 2nd Year Economics Undergraduate.) - Essay Example Careers available in the industry are relatively attractive, and the opportunities are numerous. Accounting is one of the overriding career choices that are highly marketable in banking sector (Clement, 2003). It requires people with requisite analytical skills, accurate performance, and arithmetic techniques. Due to the current competitive market and uncertainties surrounding the future of the financial market, strategic management is proving to be a very essential career choice. It involves exceptional statistical and economic analytical talent. Securities and financial analyst also find significant role in the banking sector among other careers (Clement & Williams, 1989). It is fundamental that a student performs in school and attains better grades, but this is not all as observed by the employers. The current career choice and job placement require a graduate to show competencies beyond the class performance and be able to solve the practical problems in the society (Great Britain, 2010). This begins with even Curriculum Vitae presentation where one needs to show abilities and attributes that match the requirements of the financial market. Any graduate seeking to advance his/her career in banking must have skills that present a resolution to the bank’s placement descriptions (Bonanno & Cavalcanti, 2011). It is imperative that a graduate shows exemplary command of written and spoken English as this shows required communication skills and competencies crucial in this sector. Such abilities may be subjected to test especially during interviews where the aptitude test and oral interview will expose the graduates’ ability (Field, 2002). In order to achieve great in this industry, one needs to join reputable institution and exhibit high standards of discipline (Clark & Daunton,

Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Corporate Strategy - Essay Example One of the initiatives that assisted HSBC in gaining increasing revenues was introduced in 2000s and called â€Å"managing for value†. The strategy emphasized the Group’s unique balance of business and earnings between the older, mature economies and the faster-growing emerging markets. For example, the acquisition of all of Lloyds TSB’s onshore and offshore assets related to Brazil in 2003 was a strategic step previewed by this initiative. Following the expansion to emerging markets, HSBC has grown from 51 countries in 1991 to 79 in 2003. At the same time, the company was strengthening its presence in developed markets such as the US, Switzerland and Luxembourg through the acquisition of Republic New York Corporation and Safra Republic Holdings S.A. for US $9.85 billion. Through these and other acquisitions throughout 2000s, HSBC aimed at delivering wealth management in key financial centers around the world1. A huge step towards gaining the eurozone market share came with the acquisition of Credit Commercial de France (CCF) in April 2000 for US $ 11 billion. By settling down in France, HSBC has got access to a personal, corporate, investment and private banking of all Europe in this way strengthening its presence in the developed countries. This acquisition and other initiatives contributed to a continuing improvement on the company’s performance, in which profits of shareholders grew from US $4,318 million in 1998 to US $6,239 million in 2002. Another initiative that strongly consolidated HSBC was its initiative to adopt the unified brand using HSBC and its hexagon symbol nearly everywhere it operated. In 2000, the corporation launched Premier round the clock international sercices for the Group’s most valuable personal customers. Since 2002, the HSBC identity has carried the tagline of â€Å"The world’s local bank†, outlining the Group’s experience and understanding of the various markets and cultures. The adoption of the

Theories and ethnographies on the gift (economic anthropology) Research Paper

Theories and ethnographies on the gift (economic anthropology) - Research Paper Example Therefore, gift in this context can be defined as goods and services that are exchanged with the intention of affirming a social relationship and status. Hence, gifts are a reciprocated system where citizens of any given community will be perpetually indebted to another person. Ethnographers have studied many different interpretations of the gift in traditional societies. The complicated factors of ‘the gift’ in archaic society have attracted debates throughout different fields of study. In addition, several professionals including anthropologists, sociologists, philosophers, as well as economists have researched the issue. A sense of duty bounds these relationships together although these communities may be otherwise hostile towards one another. Marcel Mauss, a French anthropologist and a sociologist, carefully studied the facts on the gift in traditional primitive societies; following Durkheim’s model on the sacred, he theorized that gifts are of a moral, religi ous, and economic nature in natural economic systems; with a sacred quality to exchange and contracts. Mauss presents the idea of a system of obligatory service provision i.e. one provides a service because it is their moral responsibility to do so, this system brings together distinguished characteristics identified based on religion, justification, and economic status. An example is doing voluntary work in the community, Hann et al. (2011) notes, â€Å"... It is groups, and not individuals, which carry on the exchange, make contracts, and are bound by obligations the person represented in the contracts are moral persons- clans, tribes and families; the groups, or the chiefs as intermediaries for the groups, confront and oppose each other† (p.50). He visualized a unique connection between the gift and the recipient and emphasized on the power embedded on the gift that would propel the recipient to reciprocate the act of giving (Mauss, 1925. p.3). With this idea, he stipulate d that the giver not only gives the gift, but part of them is also torn away from them in the process of giving. Due to this, he said that there was no complete separation of the gift from the giver (Mauss, 1925). He further argued that, what they exchange is not exclusively goods and wealth, real and personal property, and things of economic value. They exchange rather courtesies, entertainments, ritual, military assistance, women, children, dances and feasts, in which the market is merely one element and the circulation of wealth, but one part of a wide and enduring contract. Finally, although the social facts and their opposing factors take place under a voluntary guise, they are in essence strictly obligatory, and their sanction is private or open warfare. We propose to call this system of total presentation.† (Mauss, 1926) There is not only an obligation to repay gifts, but also to give and receive them willingly, to refuse to do so could mean refusing to accept the other into one's community and could cause war. However, by giving, the community shows itself as deserving and worthy of respect and generosity. Failure to give will mean to end their partnership and refuse any future gifts. Gift- giving contests have come together on this basis such as the famous North- West Coast Native American Potlatch as well as the Kula Ring in the Trobriand Islands. Malinowski also researched the Trobriand islanders, found the exchange between islanders of the Kula Ring

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The pizza lovers are found in mostly the high and middle-class, income-earning families. In all these classes it is mostly the children, boys and girls, aged between 12-19 years who love pizza. According to Derek Thompson, in the Atlantic Magazine, there are many Pizza eaters in this age group than any other group in America. Based on these findings it is clear that Peter piper website is creatively developed to appeal to this group. Thesis: While Peterpiperpizza.com website’s main aim is to target many Pizza lovers, it also uses strategies such as creative site designs, pictures, addresses and elements of persuasion such as ethos and logos to attract customers. Peter Piper Pizza website layout is quite easy to navigate. The homepage of the website is full of different, but relevant colors. The homepage has five main menu items. These menu items are: locations, menu, parties, coupons and community. When one navigates to the home page of the website, at the extreme left just, before the navigation menu, there is an organization logo. Other features that capture a viewer on navigating to the website’s homepage are the images of a pizza and a compass. At the right side of the page another more visible feature is a pane that has three links (PeterPiperPizza). These are links with names such as order online, plan a party and fundraiser. At the extreme right bottom of the page there is the image of mobile phone which might also attract a user to the page despite the text next to it being a little less visible (PeterPiperPizza). Peterpiperpizza.com as per the name suggests on the homepage, generally gives a first time visitor an idea of the services the organization offers. The designer of the website decision to use the orange color on the website is a good idea as it blends very well with the pizza images. Aristotle described the term â€Å"logos† as an element of persuasion which uses logic words or

How Teachers use language Strategies in Schools to Control Behaviour Essay

How Teachers use language Strategies in Schools to Control Behaviour Increase Pupil Participation and to Facilitate Learning - Essay Example This paper stresses that a separate discipline, that centers on prioritising verbal communication, has become an increasingly focus of research. Thus, from a different set of perspectives, the focus of learning language usage is currently being understood as a necessity and not a luxury. Since language is the major symbolic code implemented in the transfer of information from the sender to the receiver, pragmatic teaching strategies could be usefully implemented to the research of communicative processes. It is suggested that pragmatics be explained as the study of the important basic principles of meaningful language use - that is, a research on how verbal communication works and how to enhance the verbal communication activity. The study of how the students and the classroom lecturer maximize language to discover how the teacher and the students converse in oral fashion. The research centers on the use of language as a medium of increasing learning in the classroom environment. Cul ture and other inputs are important to enhance the classroom learning environment. Indeed, teachers use language strategies in the classroom scenes to control student behavior, increase pupil participation, and to Facilitate Learning. This paper makes a concluison that learning will increase if the person develops one’s speech and its relation to thought. The child relies on one’s own perception to make sense of objects that appear to them to be unrelated. For example, the child creates one’s subjective relationship between objects and then mistakes one’s egocentric perspective for reality. This falls under incoherent coherence. Thus, the child learns by committing mistakes along the way. The child corrects one’s mistake until the goal or objective is finally achieved. The child includes all inputs, both successful and unsuccessful, are gathered and used to determine the proper way of doing or seeing things. Thus, the teachers must accept mistakes as part of the child’s learning process. The child’s mistakes are used as a stepping stone to generating the proper result in any activity. Social interaction plays a major role in transforming prior knowledge. Thus, speci fic functions are not given to a person at birth but given as cultural and social patterns. Lev Vygotsky believes that it is human nature for a person to learn best with the cooperation of other human beings. The child’s learning is grounded on one’s reaction to environmental inputs. Thus, the child’s and the teacher’

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The pizza lovers are found in mostly the high and middle-class, income-earning families. In all these classes it is mostly the children, boys and girls, aged between 12-19 years who love pizza. According to Derek Thompson, in the Atlantic Magazine, there are many Pizza eaters in this age group than any other group in America. Based on these findings it is clear that Peter piper website is creatively developed to appeal to this group. Thesis: While Peterpiperpizza.com website’s main aim is to target many Pizza lovers, it also uses strategies such as creative site designs, pictures, addresses and elements of persuasion such as ethos and logos to attract customers. Peter Piper Pizza website layout is quite easy to navigate. The homepage of the website is full of different, but relevant colors. The homepage has five main menu items. These menu items are: locations, menu, parties, coupons and community. When one navigates to the home page of the website, at the extreme left just, before the navigation menu, there is an organization logo. Other features that capture a viewer on navigating to the website’s homepage are the images of a pizza and a compass. At the right side of the page another more visible feature is a pane that has three links (PeterPiperPizza). These are links with names such as order online, plan a party and fundraiser. At the extreme right bottom of the page there is the image of mobile phone which might also attract a user to the page despite the text next to it being a little less visible (PeterPiperPizza). Peterpiperpizza.com as per the name suggests on the homepage, generally gives a first time visitor an idea of the services the organization offers. The designer of the website decision to use the orange color on the website is a good idea as it blends very well with the pizza images. Aristotle described the term â€Å"logos† as an element of persuasion which uses logic words or

Individual Power Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual Power Plan - Term Paper Example By definition, personal or individual sense of power denotes the capacity of an individual to persuade or manipulate others (Lusssier and Kimball, 2013). My current sense of power within my organisation is patented by the constructive associations or relationships I have formed with other nurses, as well as other individuals involved in the provision of care. This I have achieved through an all-inclusive form of leadership that enhances motivation within the workplace. As a result of these relationships, nurses respect my decisions and approach me for directions and advice in relation to provision of care to patients and the community in general. In doing so, I have been able to influence their behaviours, manipulate their activities, and have also been able to persuade them to support my decisions. There are numerous factors that motivate people to increase or enhance their power base. A good example is the fact that employees prefer to work for powerful leaders. The notion that power is imperative in influencing and persuading others is motivation enough to strive to increase individual power base (Paynton, 2008). Subsequently, there are many ways that a leader in the nursing profession can enhance his or her individual power. According to Lusssier and Kimball (2013), "Power is gained only with time, experience, success, and the increasing respect of your colleagues" (p. 246). To enhance my power base as a nurse and leader therefore, it would be imperative to enhance individual competency through building superior relationships with co-workers, and improve on people skills. One of the important strategies for achieving this plan is networking. Pfeffer (2010) posits that linking and forming connections with other influential individuals in the nursing profession is of significance in order to ensure support is attained when necessary. Secondly, rewarding individual nurses who perform well in their duties and

World Luxury Goods Industry Essay Example for Free

World Luxury Goods Industry Essay Luxury goods have more than the ordinary and necessary characteristics compared to other products of their category. Their characteristics can be divided into 6 parts Symbolism, Price, Extraordinariness, Rarity, Aesthetics and Quality. The global market size for the industry has been at a growth rate of 9% per annum. This trend has been seen in the market since 1995 till 2000. The luxury market took a hit from 2000 to 2004 when incidents like the September 11 and SARS epidemic took place during those years. The market was at a standstill till 2005 when it caught pace again until the subprime financial crisis. Recent years the growth rate has been at 11% average and this has been happening since 2009. At 2013 the market is sized at Euro 212 billion and has great potential going forward. The 10 % growth estimated for the market in 2013 represents the fourth straight year following the great recession that luxury goods revenues will grow annually by double-digits. Americas region is also projected to benefit from the market, with revenues growing by 13 percent by year’s end and Asia-Pacific sales particularly driven by China India are projected to grow by 18 percent. Growth in Europe is expected to be at 5 percent this year showing that the economic trends in these areas have affected the market for luxury goods. It is estimated that the luxury goods market will grow, in real terms by 4-6% per year between 2013-2015 increasing the market to between â‚ ¬240 and â‚ ¬250 billion by 2015. There has been a shift towards online sales in this segment with this medium continuing to grow faster than the rest of the market, at 28% annual growth for the year and reaching close to 10b Euros, nearly 5% of total luxury sales which larger than the luxury revenues of Germany. In online sales, shoes are the top-performing category. This level of online penetration is when brands have to treat their online channel as a integral part of their competitive strategy, rather than an an extra source of revenue. When we see the different products types in the industry it is seen that the Accessories highlights the best performance over the period 2007-2011 led by the emerging markets customers preferences with respect to luxury accessories. We see a shift in the market trend in apparels where the mens luxury sales increased by 16% in 2011 surpassing sales to woman. Mens luxury goods in 2011 accounted for 40% of the global luxury market up from 35 % in 1995. As you can see in figure above that the accessories and hard luxury goods have seen an increase in segment. In the luxury goods market the Italian brands have increased to gain the largest market share of luxury sales, moving from 21% in 1995 to 24% in 2013 almost equalling French brands market share of 25%. But in a consolidating market, French conglomerates are a driving force, owning 29% of the market compared to 25% in 1995. Key Figures Category Revenues Growth Forecast. 2012 (est) 2012 Leather Goods â‚ ¬33bn 16% Shoes â‚ ¬12 bn 13% Men’s Apparel â‚ ¬26 bn 10% Women’s Apparel â‚ ¬27 bn 9% Fragrances â‚ ¬20 bn 4% Cosmetics â‚ ¬23 bn 5% Jewelry â‚ ¬11 bn 13% Watches â‚ ¬35 bn 14% Total â‚ ¬212bn 10% The different players in this market are different for different product types like in the luxury watches segment it is Rolex, Omega etc, mens and womens apparels segment it is Armani, Burberry etc and leather goods segment it is LVMH, Ralph Lauren etc. Similarly many more in other segments and below are the different luxury goods brand with LVMH leading in revenue terms. Porter’s 5 forces model. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANT: Capital Requirement: The capital requirements for manufacturing, setting up stores and maintaining them are all very high. The break-even for these brands is very high. Their marketing and management costs such as rent, high salaries for craftsmen, heavy promotional activities etc. are very high too. A study indicated that they need to have 400 stores to develop a truly global presence. Brand Loyalty: The brand image associated with luxury brands and the loyalty created through CRM programs and exceptional service levels is very high for existing brands in the market space. However, the industry has been experiencing declining brand loyalty in emerging markets since their purchases are driven by status and show off motives and hence brand switching between brands perceived to have similar status is increasing. Nevertheless it takes considerable amount of time and expenditure to build its brand loyalty. Scale economies: It has been observed that consolidation of brands in the luxury market help in achieving higher economies of scale. Consolidation helps in increasing bargaining power with suppliers, obtaining operating synergies say in advertising etc., better financing options and risk management through diversification in the brand portfolio of the companies. LVMH, PPR (Gucci), Prada Group, Richemont have all undergone consolidation. Exclusive access to suppliers and distributors: Many brands in this segment have acquired their suppliers or have exclusive arrangements to protect their competitive advantage and insulate against rising costs in future. Also the numbers of distribution points are increasing as emerging markets are growing and luxury malls are coming up. For instance, LVMH acquired Leman Cadran and ArteCad SA- watch dial manufacturers and Delos Bottier, French artisan shoemaker. Retaliation from existing Cos- The powerful established brands tend to retaliate against the smaller and newer brands by say preventing them from having access to multi-brand retailers. Therefore we see that the threat of new entrant is high. THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES: Middle price brands: The growing mid ranged, high street brands pose as a possible substitute to the luxury brands. During economic crisis consumers tend to â€Å"trade down. † Counterfeit goods: The manufacturing and sales of counterfeit goods from Countries like China is growing. Quality design: increased internet accessibility and online shopping has made is easy for fast fashion brands to replicate designs and fashion trends of luxury brands within days/weeks of the fashion shows. There are no monetary switching costs to customers. However, there is a loss of prestige which is important to luxury brand buyers. Therefore the threat of substitutes is moderate. BUYER’S BARGAINING POWER: Decreasing buyer concentration: The number of buyers relative to suppliers is increasing. Only 50% of the 1. 6 MN wealthy were as rich 4 years ago. Level of dependency on buyer: The industry is heavily dependent on top-tier customers, mostly on a small super affluent population. Celebrities etc. being early adopters can drive consumption but single buyers cannot determine prices. Switching costs: There are emotional switching costs involved. With introduction of loyalty programs and associated privileges, the switching costs have increased. Possibility of backward integration by customers is very low. So on the whole, the bargaining power of buyers is low. SUPPLIER’S BARGAINING POWER: Number of suppliers: The raw materials are limited and exclusive. There are limited high skilled workers and there is also growing shortage since not many youngsters are willing to learn. For instance, Couture-level embroiderers in France have dropped from 10000 in 1920 to 200 in 2013. Level of Dependency: Some key components and materials are outsourced. For eg: LV outsources its monogram leather, in 2012, Chanel ordered large chuck of leather from a supplier in case they wouldn’t find more. Supply substitutes: Most materials are highly specialized and difficult to substitute. Switching costs to new suppliers are high since the quality is at risk and there is a past coordinating experience which is important. Forward integration possibility is very low since the luxury groups are much more experienced and wealthier than their suppliers. Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate to high. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY: Competitive structure: The industry has an oligopoly structure since it is dominated by few large independent players. LVMH, Richemont and PPR Gucci are the big three. Demand conditions: The demand is growing and will grow at a relatively high pace as China and Hong Kong markets grow further. Exit Barriers: Some brand exist despite the fact that they do not make any/much profits due to emotional reasons. For instance, Christian Lacroix hasn’t made any profit in 22 years. There are some highly specialised supply chain components that may be very difficult to sell. Chanel has 6 atelier d’arts under it which has no alternative usage. The rivalry among existing competition is high. Luxury Goods-Developed Countries Overview. There is so much talk about China, Brazil and other emerging markets as the future of luxury market while there is some truth to it we cannot ignore the developed markets. The current growth and hot spot for luxury goods is still in the developed countries. American region is the king of luxury spending; it grew at 4% in 2013 compared to 2012. There has been growth in the number of new store opening in tire two cities in these developed countries going to show that companies see potential in the smaller region and there is increase of disposable income in the smaller cities. Visitors from developing countries still prefer to buy luxury goods from the developed countries; this has also led to an increase in the demand of luxury goods in the developed countries. According to Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study Spring 2013 there are significant regional differences in the luxury market developed countries and all of them have their unique differences. Some of them are: Europe will see 2% growth in the luxury spending in the next few years, with increasing spending by tourists even though there is lower spending by European nationals. Tourist spending is driving half of revenues in Italy, 55% of revenues in the U. K. , and 60% of revenues in France. Japan has experience a decline in luxury spending by 12%. Although in real terms, the consumption has increased as the country has emerged out of stagflation. The Middle East continues to be relatively strong, with a 5% growth. The demand for Luxury goods remain strong in Dubai, while Saudi Arabia is also gaining share to become the region’s second largest luxury market. As these countries are oil rich they like the flamboyance and luxury. Online sales, of Luxury goods have gained popularity in the last few years in the developed countries. They are growing faster than the brick and mortar stores, turning in 28% annual growth for last year and reaching close to 10 billion Euros. In online sales, shoes are the top-performing category. With online penetration high, brands should treat their online channel as an integral part of their overall channel strategy, rather than an just an another source of additional revenue. According to the â€Å"Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study† finds accessories, including leather goods and shoes, have definitively become the largest segment, growing 4% for 2013 to reach 28% of the total revenues. Apparel is now a quarter of the market, growing at 1%, Apparel was very popular couple of years ago. Perfumes and cosmetics had a 2% growth in 2013. Luxury cars, wine and spirits, hotels, in-home and out-of-home food, home furnishings, and yachts all show growth, with luxury cars, wine and spirits, and hotels outpacing personal luxury goods and leading to an overall 2013 market of â‚ ¬800 billion of affluent spending, up 6% over 2012.compared to 25% in 1995. The luxury goods market in the developed countries is becoming very complex and in some areas is starting to look like the fast-moving consumer goods Industry. Brands have to adapt themselves by bringing in the level of detailed customer insight to standout of the clutter. While this Industry is still showing steady but not extravagant growth, brands need to adjust to a new set of scientific tools in order to keep up with other markets. CAGE Framework for Developed Countries Cultural Luxury Goods Industry in Developed countries over the years have matured and have formed definite distribution channels where most of the time they try cross selling to their existing buyers. However new customers enter the market, they account to an addition of 1%-3% of the total population involved in the luxury goods instry In Developed countries Culture is often considered with income level to follow a trend related to luxury goods. Considering a people with zero income level when shifts to a income level and wants to buy a luxury good his decision is dependent upon the income he is currently earning and the culture he is following in the ratio of 3:2. Administrative Initially as taxes were collected in the form of luxury tax from the customers in developed countries, they were indifferent to it as they had a considerable large amount of disposable income. Over the years as people entered the luxury market they got affected by such high rates. The government how of such countries depend on these taxes as they generate a large amount of revenue. Geographical Most of the developed countries are the manufactures of these luxury goods they tend to be cheaper in these countries. As the demand of the countries is very high they tend to acquire the fixed costs at an early stage, later just trying to recover the variable cost making it cheaper. Most of these developed countries have access to superior products used in manufacturing these products thus making the end products to be easily manufactured and thus slashing the rates, thus inducing more customers to buy the product Economic Differences GDP and per capita income of the developed countries is high compared to other emerging countries. Thus showing they have a higher disposable income and standard of living is high proving that they can afford luxury goods as their basic necessities of life is fulfilled. Luxury Goods-Developing Countries Overview. When we talk about developing economies we will be taking into account Brazil China and look at the luxury goods market in these two economies. Almost half of the luxury goods produced worldwide are sold in the emerging markets with China leading the way. The luxury goods market has seen tremendous growth in China whereas the same growth hasn’t been replicated in India Brazil because of some regulatory issues (high import duties). Looking at China, the GDP has been growing at almost 10% y-o-y which has been increasing the denomination of wealthy Chinese in the country. When you look at the Luxury market, the Asia-pacific region has been the best performer with a growth rate of 25% in 2011 and accounting for about 29% of the worldwide revenues. The growth of this market in China has been tremendous which can also be put down to the fact that many e-commerce players have come in to fray which give the digital consumers a chance to make use of the price advantage. The market has been helped by the fact that there has been a shift in the mentality of the Chinese people wherein they want the real stuff now rather than settling for the counterfeited goods. In addition to this due to the weakening Euro and the increase in the number of upper class citizens the Chinese people have been undertaking more and more overseas trips which in turn has increased the revenues for the Luxury market. Now coming to Brazil, the luxury goods market was about 2. 7 billion dollars in 2012, and the expected growth rate was estimated to be about 15-25% for the next five years which was put down to the fact that it has become the 7th largest economy in the world the purchasing power and the income rate for an average Brazilian is growing. Brazil now has 36 billionaires 165,000 millionaires out of which about 50% are below the age of 35, which will help boost the luxury goods market in the country. Now because of the unique services that are being provided to the consumers in Brazil, also the payment plan by installments and also the fact that a huge number of showrooms are being opened in the country the consumers are willing to buy the luxury goods for which they had to go abroad in the earlier days. STRATEGY – STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE STRATEGY: Strategic approach to product offer and price positioning. Focusing on the E-commerce platform as well in order to cater to the increasing number of digital consumers Opening up of new stores and availability of quality products easily. Focus on the retail chains in order to aid the distribution as this is the highest grossing medium (Omni-channel Retailing). Increase of scale in order to improve margins. Shift towards the accessories sector as this has the highest growth rate amongst the Luxury goods market. Store experience. Real time communication between the brand and the consumer via blogs communities. Off-price outlets. Consolidation. Diversification. STRUCTURE: Oligopoly: Very few luxury groups dominate the market. Large number of small individual brands. Individual brands being introduced by the large market players. Big Three LVMH Richemont PPR Gucci PERFORMANCE: A CAGR of +25% in China for the luxury goods revenues over the period 2008-11. A CAGR of +18. 3% in China for E-commerce buys during the period 2007-10. 31% increase in constant value terms for Brazil, 72% for China 86% for India over the period 2008-13.

Impact of Deforestation

Impact of Deforestation The destruction of our planets forest is one of the most important modern environmental issue today. People, 1.6 billion, are dependent on forests for their livelihoods with some 300 million living in them (Lawson). The forest industry is the basis of economic growth and employment (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). Global forest products are estimated to be worth $327 billion (Chakravarty, Ghosh and Suresh). U.S., Japanese, and European companies destroy more rain forest than other companies (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). These companies countries are rich. There is a high demand in these countries for more forest products. Their willingness to pay for rain forest products adds to the problem of deforestation. Forests cover almost a third of the earths land surface providing many environmental benefits including a major role in the hydrologic cycle, soil conservation, prevention of climate change and preservation of biodiversity (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). The problem is that the pla net has lost 30% of its forests over the past 25 years, which is the size of South Africa (Scientific American). If the current rate of deforestation, the conversion of forest to an alternative permanent non-forested land (Chakravarty, Ghosh and Suresh), continues, forests will vanish within 100 years causing unknown effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). This is demonstrated by the change of forestland to other uses such as agriculture, infrastructure, urban development, industry and others. Deforestation began from the formation of early civilizations. The Laws of Manu is replete with passages referring to the formation of human habitat by clearing the jungle (Mahbub Uddin Ahmed). Michael Williams in his journal article, Dark ages and dark areas: global deforestation in the deep past, discuss how humans have cleared forest since man first discovered fire. Williams discusses that archaeology is showing that the clearing of the forests in Europe during the middle ages was reversed when the bubonic plague reduced the population. William describes the impact that the ancient Mayans, Inca and Aztec had on the forest of Central and South America. During the colonization of the United States and Canada, millions of Native Americans died because of the introduction of diseases letting forest reclaim their land (Williams). Even though history has seen the destruction and regrowth of forests, it has not been on the global scale we are seeing now. In fact, in the continental Unite d States, 90% of indigenous forests have been removed since 1600. In 1839, a young man named Frederick Engels wrote letters home to Germany describing what life was like in the industrializing United States at the time. He writes of the ruthless destruction of the environment and the misery that resulted on the working class (Mahbub Uddin Ahmed). Deforestation occurs in many ways. One of the first step in the process of deforestation is to clear the land for logging or mining. Usually roads are cut through forest to open the area (Steinfeld). Roads into the forest are cleared for the large equipment needed such as bulldozers, road graders and log skidders (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). The area where the roads cut through may not even be in the areas designated for logging or mining, but just the clearing of trees for these roads starts the process of deforestation for the areas the roads run through. Once the roads are completed most of the forests around the logging and mining areas are lost to agriculture, the planting of crops and the pasturing of cattle (Steinfeld). Forests are also lost to poor farmers in poverty areas especially those who live by tropical rain forests (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). In a tropical rain forest, nearly all of the nutrients are found in the plants and trees, not in the ground as in a n orthern, or temperate forest. When the plants and trees are cut down to plant crops. farmers usually burn the tree trunks to release the nutrients necessary for a fertile soil (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). When the rains come, they wash away most of the nutrients, leaving the soil much less fertile. In as little as 3 years, the ground is no longer capable of supporting crops (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). When the fertility of the ground decreases, farmers seek other areas to clear and plant, abandoning the nutrient-deficient soil. The area previously farmed is left to grow back to a rain forest. However, just as the crops did not grow well because of low nutrients, the forest will grow back just as slow because of poor nutrients. After the land is abandoned, the forest may take up to 50 years to grow back (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). Agriculture is estimated to be the main driver for around 80% of deforestation worldwide. Commercial agriculture has deforested around 2/3 of the forest in Latin America (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). The findings on global patterns of destruction show that timber extraction and logging activities account for more than 70% of total deforestation in Latin America where cattle and soy are important (Scientific American). In Africa and Asia, agriculture accounts for around 1/3 of deforestation. The timber industry has played a significant role in the deforestation of Southeast Asia where logging is followed by the creation of large palm oil and pulpwood plantations. Mining, infrastructure and urban expansion are important but less prominent (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). In Africa, the main deforestation drivers are chopping trees for firewood or making charcoal, which opens the land up to farming and livestock grazing. To get a better understanding of deforestation, we first need to examine the driving force behind it. Specifically, human beings role in deforestation. The competition is between humans and other species. This is because of a growing global population and increased demand for food and other natural resources. Many studies confirm that commercial agriculture is the largest direct driver of deforestation in most tropical countries worldwide (Scientific American). Indeed, the growth of commercial agriculture is cited as an important driver of deforestation by nearly all tropical countries (Lawson). The human impact on deforestation varies a great deal between continents. These demands are causing the loss of not only huge areas of forest but also having a major impact on the climate. Deforestation has caused other environmental problems such as increasing soil erosion, landslides, and floods. Erosion occurs a very slow rate, but because of deforestation, the rate has sped up by an estimated 10 to 40 times globally (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan). Normally, trees and plant roots slow down erosion because they hold and anchor the soil in place, which prevents its washing away. Forest also control the speed at which the rain moves through the canopy. This allows the water to trickle to the ground and absorb slowly, rather than flow over the surface and wash away the soil. Recent research suggests that about half of the precipitation that falls in a tropical rain forest is a result of its moist green canopy (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan) Deforestation of lands for agriculture and development has left large regions of the world infertile. In areas used for urban development, where the ground is covered with a layer of asphalt or concrete it is d ifficult for water to penetrate the ground and this increases the amount of runoff. . In addition, the surface runoff from urban areas is polluted with fuel, oil and other chemicals. Evaporation and evapotranspiration processes from the trees and plants return large quantities of water to the local atmosphere, promoting the formation of clouds and precipitation (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan). Scientists predict that increased rainfall intensity and quantity will lead to greater rates of erosion (Akais Okia, Clement). Rising sea levels have also increased the rate of coastal erosion, which has been increasingly problematic for low lying developed areas along the coast, such as in Florida and Hawaii (Akais Okia, Clement). Less evaporation means that more of the Suns energy is able to warm the surface, which is one of the causes heating up the atmosphere. This heating up of the atmosphere and surface of the planet is causing a global climate change that is affecting weather patterns. The warming affects wind patterns and ocean currents, and these changes alter regional weather conditions. In some regions, the weather is becoming drier, leading to droughts and wildfires. In other regions, rainfall is increasing, leading to flooding. The ice sheets surrounding the North Pole and South Pole are slowly disappearing which can also lead to flooding because of the rising ocean levels (Scientific American). Polar ice melt raises ocean levels, which threatens flooding in coastal areas. Some of the worlds smaller islands might disappear completely. According to the United Nations, up to two thousand islands in Indonesia might vanish beneath the rising ocean (United Nations). Global warming is also melting mountain glaciers. Water from the melted ice causes rivers to overflow and flood places where people and animals live. Vanishing glaciers and snow packs pose another problem too. Glaciers and snow packs provide millions of people around the world with freshwater to drink (United Nations). Without those stores of water, people will need to find other sources of fresh water. Studies also suggest that global warming is probably making hurricanes stronger (United Nations) Deforestation not only contributes to global warming because of the forests interaction with water, forests absorb and store huge amounts of CO2, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The loss of forests generates nearly 50 percent more greenhouse gases than the 25 percent of emissions contributed to the combustion of fossil fuels (Urquhart, Chomentowski and Skole). A plant stores huge amounts of CO2 which it uses during the process of photosynthesis. The amount of carbon dioxide in the air used to be stable (Boucher, Elias and Lininger). For more than half a million years, it held steady at about 280 parts per million (280 parts of carbon dioxide per one million parts of atmosphere) (United Nations). Since, the 1800s, it has increased by about one-third (Williams). Our modern atmosphere contains about 382 parts per million of carbon dioxide-and this level is continuing to rise (Kissinger, Herold and De Sy). Scientists have evidence to suggest that just tropical deforestation is responsi ble for about 20% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions (Scientific American). When a tree is cut down or burned, the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere.This growing amount of carbon dioxide is trapping more and more heat in our atmosphere. A stable amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere keeps Earths temperature stable (Scientific American). Deforestation releases that carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and destroys a resource that can store carbon dioxide humans produce in the future. At least half of Earths ten million species live in tropical rain forests even though tropical rain forests cover only 7% of the total dry surface of the Earth (Moutinho, Paulo and Schwartzman, Stephan). Scientists estimates indicate that up to 137 species disappear worldwide each day (United Nations). If rain forest loss continues at its current rate, up to one-third of rain forest species could go extinct by 2040 (Scientific American). That means deforestation could wipe out about one-sixth of Earths species.