Death comes for the archbishop :: essays research papers

Death Comes for the ArchbishopByWilla CatherWilla Cather is the author of the award winning novel Death Comes For The Archbishop written in 1927. She was born in 1873 near Winchester, Virginia and shortly moved to northeast (Cather, 1927). During her childhood she was surrounded by foreign languages and customs. Even at her young age she felt a connection to the immigrants in Nebraska and was intrigued with their connection to the land. Willa also loved writing about the vanished past of the American Southwest where nature and Christianity is opposed to the modern urban life and society (http//fp.image.dk). She was elevated Episcopalian and later in life she joined the Protestant Church in search for spirituality while still being captivated with the luster of ceremonies performed in the Catholic Church. These fascinations were projected directly into to her writings, as seen in her book Death Comes For The Archbishop. This book was awarded the Howells Medal of the American Acad emy of Arts and Letters in 1930 (http//www.geocities.com). This book is considered an American Classic due to its longevity in popular literature. It also provides the important historical background on the Catholic Church and its doctor on the American Southwest. Willa emphasizes, through her writings, the hardships of the people involved in making this part of America what it is today. It points out the influence of the earliest Spanish missionaries of the 16th light speed through the latter part of the 19th century involving French missionaries and exposes the corruptness as well as the dedication of the missionaries of the church. The books main linguistic context is in the 19th century, during the settlement of New Mexico and Colorado and recalls the journeys that a priest undertook and the hardships overcame in order to meet his and the churches goal of bringing the Catholic faith to Mexicans and intrinsic Indians. Through his travels and the spiritual work in the beautifu l, yet rough environment he was radically transformed. He was especially influenced by the experiences of the westward movement of the clownish frontier because of the impact of the native people.The main character of this book is Father Jean Marie Latour. He was consecrated the Catholic Vicar Apostolic of New Mexico and Bishop of Agathonica in partibus at Cincinnati and was destined to reach his Vicarate (Cather 1927) and help the people of the land. When he was given his mission to retrieve the bishopric (Cather 1927) by the Vatican in Rome he accepted it all in all heartedly.

Interesting Facts :: essays research papers

Interesting FactsGot this from one of my daily joke emails. Thought it was interesting enough to share 111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321If a statue in the park of a person on a dollar bill has both front legs in the air, the person fitd as a result of wounds received in battle if the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes.No word in the English language rhymes with month, orange, silver, and purple.Clans of long ago that wanted to get exempt of their unwanted people without killing them use to burn their houses down - hence the expression "to get fired."Canada is an Indian word meaning "Big Village". on that point are two credit cards for every person in the United States.Only two people signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4th, John Hancock and Charles Thomson. Most of the rest signed on August 2, but the last signature wasnt added until 5 years later."I am." is the shortest complete decry in t he English language.The term "the whole 9 yards" came from WWII fighter pilots in the South Pacific. When arming their airplanes on the ground, the .50 caliber machine gun ammo belts careful exactly 27 feet, before being loaded into the fuselage. If the pilots fired all their ammo at a target, it got "the whole 9 yards."The most common mark in the world is Mohammed.The word "samba" means "to rub navels together."The international telephone dialing code for Antarctica is 672.The glue on Israeli postage stamps is certified kosher.Mel Blanc (the illustration of Bugs Bunny) was allergic to carrots.Until 1965, driving was done on the left-hand side on roads in Sweden. The conversion to right-hand was done on a weekday at 5pm. All traffic stopped as people switched sides. This time and day were chosen to prevent accidents where drivers would have gotten up in the morning and been too sleepyheaded to realize that *this* was the day of the changeover.The very first bomb dropped by the Allies on Berlin duringWorld War II killed the only elephant in the Berlin Zoo.Dr. Seuss pronounced "Seuss" much(prenominal) that it rhymed with "rejoice."In Casablanca, Humphrey Bogart never said "Play it again, Sam."Sherlock Holmes never said "Elementary, my dear Watson."More people are killed annually by donkeys than die in air crashes.The term, "Its all fun and games until someone loses an eye" is from Ancient Rome.

Essay --

Refuge from Abuse Healing and Hope for Abused, by Nason-Clark, N. and Kroeger, is a book that made for victims of domestic shout , those who are currently suffering by means of it, and those who already have and also for those who want to be knowledgeable on the issue. The authors of the book bring their knowledge from characteristic points of article of faith. Nancy N. Clark is a sociologist while Cathie Clark Kroger is a biblical scholar. With these two different perspectives, we are able to get the subject of Domestic abuse through a multi-dimensional view point and see an in depth view of the serious crime that is domestic abuse. The things the stand out about this book are the amount of areas that it covers, and the notional ways Clark and Kroger are able to communicate the material. In the beginning of the book there are small portions of information. These little portions focus on things such as when a relationship is not healthy, safety, and ways to protect oneself. The book also promptly corrects any false ideas about domestic abuse. These false ideas include the belief that domestic violence does not occur in my neighborhood, church, family, or oneself. Throughout the book there are different examples of domestic violence. The different examples show the var. of factors that complicates or are honourable part of the abuse. Factors include mental health, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and others. The stories portray how abuse can begin in the beginning of the relationship, middle, or when they enter late adulthood. A biblical element is also added in the book.Throughout the book the authors of the book relate characters from the Bible. These Characters include Hagar, David, Mary, and others. The auth... ...s.The part of the book that actually impacted me was the chapter about worship. It deals with the fact that worship can heal. It uses psalm 66 which states For you, O God, have tested us you have tried us as silver is tried. You brought us into the net you laid a crushing burden on our backs you let men ride over our heads we went through fire and through water yet you have brought us out to a place of abundance. It uses this passage to illustrate the rest that we seek from our burdens and that in the end, God delivers on his phone of peace and rest. Sometimes, I have difficulty worshipping, especially when Ive going through a tough situation. Although I already know this the book just reinforced it. I might be going through a tough situation God will give me the rest I fill at the appropriate time, as long as I remain faithful in my worship to Him.

My Journey to become a Teacher :: essays papers

My Journey to become a TeacherDear New Roommate, It is hard for me to describe myself to you in simple words. I can tell you that I am an energetic and compassionate person, but what does that tell you? I would rather show you who I am by copulation you what my hopes and dreams are, what the driving force in my life is, and this will lead you to understand who I really am, as a person. Only when you get to know these things about(predicate) me is when you really start to understand what type of person I really am, not just the fact that I am a blond twenty-two-year-old that wants to be a teacher. To make the difference in the lives of children is such an important goal to me. I remember when I was in elementary indoctrinate, I adored my teachers, they were the human being to me. I always felt special and successful because of the love, support and knowledge that my elementary teachers gave to me. I long to give back to children what I was so gilt to receive from my teachers as a child. This has been a major factor in my strive to become an elementary school teacher. By giving children the love, support and commandment they need, they have a greater chance of living a solid, stable and productive life. What is most important to remember is that children are our future. My journey to become a teacher started as early as Junior High. I started baby-sitting the children in my neighborhood when I was in seventh grade. I loved spending time with children, and by the time I was in high-school, I had many permanent baby-sitting jobs throughout Ojai, the small town we live in. Even when I moved forth to San Luis Obispo, to go to college, I never gave up caring for children. I quickly found a nanny job watching two young girls art object I was in San Luis Obispo, which I kept for two years. Although these were only small side jobs, they meant much more. I spent hours outside of work going to school plays, soccer games, and dance recitals of the various children that I baby-sat. The real motivation to become a teacher came to me when I started working at a Christian preschool and daycare when I moved back to Ojai.

Essay --

According to the Victim oriented multi-disciplinary responses to statutory rape training guide, Law enforcement often assigns statutory rape cases a a lot lower priority than incest and forcible rape cases with young children. There is a belief among criminal justice officials that investigation and arrest are a waste of time because prosecutors will not prosecute except in or so egregious cases (Elstein & Smith, 1998). Statutory rape laws should be just as much of a priority as child abuse and forcible rape. Throwing away statutory rape cases is not effective regardless of how hard it is to prosecute. A boor does not know what is best for him or her it should not matter whether or not the victim is willing to testify. If proof that a minor is indeed knotty in a cases where his or her partner is considered an adult by law then that person should be convicted. It is hard to prosecute statutory rape cases because most of the victims are not willing to testify against their partners. The minors involved in the cases are usually in the relationship because they want to be not becaus...

Essay --

According to the Victim oriented multi-disciplinary responses to statutory rape training guide, Law enforcement often assigns statutory rape cases a much lower priority than incest and forcible rape cases with young children. There is a belief among criminal estimableice officials that investigation and stop are a waste of time because prosecutors will not prosecute except in most egregious cases (Elstein & Smith, 1998). Statutory rape laws should be just as much of a priority as child abuse and forcible rape. Throwing away statutory rape cases is not effective regardless of how unverbalised it is to prosecute. A little does not know what is best for him or her it should not matter whether or not the victim is willing to testify. If proof that a minor is indeed involved in a cases where his or her partner is considered an adult by law then that person should be convicted. It is hard to prosecute statutory rape cases because most of the victims are not willing to testify against t heir partners. The minors involved in the cases are usually in the relationship because they want to be not becaus...

How P&G Brought the Diaper Revolution to China Essay

When Procter & Gamble set knocked emerge(p) to sell Pampers in chinaware more than a decade ago, it faced a daunting merchandiseing challenge P&G didnt just have to run parents that its diapers were the best. It had to persuade many of them that they needed diapers at all. The useable diaper a throwaway commodity in the West just wasnt branch of the cultural average in the Chinese nursery. Babies wore cloth diapers, or in many cases, no diaper at all. And that, says Bruce Brown, whos in charge of P&Gs $2 one million million million R&D budget, is why mainland China presented and still presents such a huge opportunity.Today, after years of exhaustive research and push-down store of missteps, Pampers is the No. 1-selling diaper in China and the company, in many ways, is just getting started there. The diaper grocery in China is booming. It stands at $1. 4 billion roughly a quarter the size of the U. S. market and is projected to grow 40 percent over the next few years, according to research theater Datamonitor. P&Gs success in China has assistanted CEO Bob McDonald set some bold goals. Last October, he laid out a plan to add one billion customers over the next five years by promoting P&G brands throughout some of the execrableest corners of the world.How willing P&G go about doing that? To get a sense, just look at the way it cracked and to a large degree created the market for disposable diapers in China. Learning From Failure When P&G first launched Pampers in China in 1998, the effort flopped. Instead of growth a strange product for the market, P&G made a lower-quality version of U. S. and European diapers, wrongly assuming that parents would buy them if they were cheap enough. It just didnt make, Brown says. Chinese split-pants, or kaidangku. Photo by The Wus Photo Land on Flickr It didnt help that Chinese families had always gotten along just fine without disposable diapers.There, potty training often begins as early as six months, a nd children wear whats called kaidangku colorful open-crotch pants that let them squat and relieve themselves in open areas. Pampers pitch wasnt compelling people to try something new and neither was the product itself. We scrimped on the softness in the earlier versions, says Kelly Anchrum, director of global baby care, external relations, and sustainability. It had a more plasticky feel. It took us awhile to figure out that softness was just as important to moms in a developing market. P&G had tried a similarly watered-down approach earlier in the decade, when it launched laundry and hair-care brands in several emerging markets. Those products also failed, Brown says. afterwards these experiences, the company in 2001 came up with a new approach to product development Delight, dont dilute. In other words, the diaper needed to be cheap, but it also had to do what other cheap diapers didnt keep a baby dry for 10 hours and be as comfortable as cloth. So P&G added softness, dial ed down the plastic feel, and increased the absorption capability of the diaper.To bring down the cost, the company developed more efficient technology platforms and moved manufacturing operations to China to eliminate shipping costs. The revamped diaper, Pampers Cloth Like & Dry, hit retail shelves in Chinas largest cities in 2006, selling for the kindred of 10 cents in local currency, less than half the cost of a Pampers diaper in the United States. The Universal Pitch P&G had the decently diaper and the right price point. Now it faced the bigger challenge. You have to convince someone that they need this thing, says Ali Dibadj, an analyst who covers P&G at Sanford C.Bernstein & Co. For Frances Roberts, global brand franchise leader for Pampers, every trip to China was (and still is) an opportunity to learn more about Chinese nursery habits. Its part of the P&G ethos that brand leaders visit consumers in their own homes something Roberts has done in dozens of countries, includ ing Germany, Russia, and Jakarta. The goal is to uncover the nuances of each market, and early on in its diaper research P&G discovered a universal need. Moms say the same things over and over, Roberts says. Their cry We want more sleep.With the help of the Beijing Childrens Hospitals Sleep Research Center, P&G researchers conducted two exhaustive studies between 2005 and 2006, involving 6,800 home visits, and more than 1,000 babies throughout 8 cities in China. Instead of cloth, the research subjects were tucked into bed with Pampers. The results P&G reported that the babies who wore the disposables fell asleep 30 percent faster and slept an extra 30 minutes every night. The read even linked the extra sleep to improved cognitive development, a compelling point in a auberge obsessed with academic achievement.P&G then put its marketing machine into motion. Pampers launched the Golden Sleep campaign in 2007, which included mass carnivals and in-store campaigns in Chinas biggest urb an areas. A viral campaign on the Pampers Chinese web site asked parents to upload photos of their sleeping babies to drive home the studys sleep message. The response was impressive 200,000 photos, which P&G used to create a 660-square-meter photomontage at a retail store in Shanghai. The ad campaign boasted scientific results, such as Baby Sleeps with 50% Less Disruption and Baby Falls Asleep 30% Faster.No diaper brand, non even rival Kimberly-Clark, maker of Huggies, has come close to spending as much on advertising in China, according to CTR Market Research, the China-based division of American media researcher TNS Media Intelligence. Since 2006, Pampers measured media spend topped 3. 2 billion yuan, or about $476 million more than three times as much as any other brand. In 2009 alone, P&G spent $69 million, compared to Kimberly-Clarks $12 million spend for Huggies. Ruling the Nursery in China and Around the WorldToday, Pampers is the top-selling brand in China, a country whe re about a decade ago the disposable diaper category hardly existed. P&G does not release sales figures for specific countries, but Datamonitor estimates that the company has captured more than 30 percent of the $1. 4 billion market. Karl Gerth, an Oxford professor who researches the spread of consumerism in China, says P&Gs marketing campaigns strike the right tone. You dont want to come off as paternalistic, says Gerth, who wrote the book China make Consumer Culture and the Creation of the Nation. The idea that Pampers brings a scientific backing and gives children an edge in their environment thats a brilliant way to stand out from the competition. You could argue that its easy being No. 1 when the market is still small. But P&G still has a lot of work to do. The company faces challenges from private-label and domestic brands, including the No. 2 market leader, Hengan International Group, which has steadily grown its market share to 20 percent. Local brands, meantime, are catchi ng up with better products, marketing, and distribution. Chinese consumers are going to want to root for the home team, Gerth says. And theres still the challenge of making disposables a habit. On average, diaper use still amounts to less than one a day.Weve only just begun to scratch the surface in China, Dimitri Panayotopoulos, vice chairman of global household care, told investors in a 2008 analyst meeting. Theres even bigger potential in India, where the birth rate is almost double that of China but the diaper market remains tiny at about $43. 4 million. (Pampers is the top-selling brand there, too. So now, P&G plans to take the sleep argument throughout rural and poor areas in India and elsewhere. The company also makes its case by positioning itself as a baby-care educator. Pampers sponsors healthcare-outreach programs such as a rural immunization program in China and mobile medical-care vans in Pakistan and Morocco. In India, theres a door-to-door program that offers baby-car e tips and diaper samples for moms. Of course, P&G tweaks the sales pitch to cope with different markets thats what the company is known for.In India, for instance, the convenience of disposable diapers doesnt resonate with parents. The companys consumer research found that many Indian mothers think that only lazy moms put their babies in disposable diapers that last a full night. As Pampers brand manager Vidya Ramachandran reported in an inherent video shown to employees, We really had to change that mindset and educate mothers that using a diaper is not about convenience for you its about your babys development.

CanGo Final Report Team Blue Consulting Essay

The highlighted red answers are the ones that are correct. The simplest way of navigating through this document is to press find and put down a very fantastic quote from the question on BSG. For example to find the answer for the question below would be the find the quote companies can expect to sell. advance sure it is 100% the same question and answers and you will do very well on this essay. Some questions have similar wording and the question may be further down the document. Anformer(a) way to navigate the document is via the answers. I strongly suggest though that before you actually do the quiz, good skim through the questions and familiarize yourself with the answers as there is a time limit when you actually do the quiz.BSG Quiz 2 is substantially harder than Quiz 1, this quiz also brings about the introduction of what I view as concept questions. These are questions that can be asked in several different ways, but is more than or less the same concept. For example exc hange rate questions are important in testing your knowledge in BSG, and they can be asked in a variety of different ways. For some of the questions that can be conceptualized in different ways I have written a few notes that helped me attend out the answer when I encountered it in another form and it is usually those balance sheet questions because BSG is very particular (sometimes illogical) in how they calculate their values. If you find the bizarre quiz Answers that isnt in the bank, please copy and paste it in an email and highlight it in red and send it to me. I hope you have it away your purchaseBased on information on the Help screen for the Marketing and Admin Report (see the section on Administration Expenses), which of the following statements regarding your companys administrative costs is false? The companys accounting system allocates all administrative expenses to mark footwear no administrative expenses are allocated to private-label footwear. administrative expe nses are allocated to each region based on each regions percentage of total companywide branded sales thus, if 24% of the companys branded sales are in Asia-Pacific, then AsiaPacific is allocated 24% of companywide administrative expenses. Within a region, administrative expenses are allocated between online branded sales and in large quantities brandedsales based on their respective proportion of total branded sales in the region thus if 80% of total branded sales in a region were sales to area retailers, then 80% of the regions total administrative expenses would be allocated to the wholesale piece and 20% would be allocated to the Internet segment.The Other Corporate Overhead category of administrative costs always averages $1 per pair of plant capacity (not including overtime) other Corporate Overhead changes by $1 per pair in the same year as any new plant capacity comes online (new or used) and in the same year that any capacity is sold off to the merchants of used footwear- making equipment.Administrative costs are allocated between branded production and private-label production accord to their respective percentages of total pairs sold.thus, if 65% of the total pairs sold are branded then 65% of annual administrative costs are allocated to branded footwear.

Interpersonal Communication Case study Essay

1.) After reviewing the information in this carapace study, you find that Parris husband, Lavar, was not listening when Parris first told him to pick their daughter up from school. exempt how Lavar and Parris should use effective empathic listening and responding skills to discuss this issue.I think that Parris should talk to Lavar and see why he is for countenanceting, they should talk it kayoed and not get mad and yell, maybe Lavar is so swamped with work he has all his attention focused on work that he forgets. Likewise Parris works all the clip and she does not forget so maybe Lavar isnt really paying attention to Paris in what she is saying or he is generally forgetting what Parris is asking him to do.2.) What be the five activities that make up the process of listening? Using the case study scenario, describe how Lavar might not have listened properly because he did not focus on one or more of five steps of the listening process.The five activities that make up the proces s of listening atomic number 18 Selecting, Attending, Understanding, Remembering, and Responding. Lavar did not listen properly because he did not remember and probably wasnt attending, his mind was probably elsewhere thinking about something else when Parris was talking to him.3.) What are four common listening styles? Which listening style does Lavar employ? What about Parris? Can you foresee problems with a couple who have different listening styles? why?1) Relational-oriented 2) Critical-oriented 3) Analytical -oriented 4) Task-oriented. I think that Lavar employs the Task- oriented one the most because he seems to be interested in focusing more on accomplishing a taxthan on focusing on the dialogue relationship when listening to others. Paris could be more a critical listener she seems to be good at evaluating information she hears, and is able to hone in on inconsistencies in what someone says. I think that there could end up being a dissever of problems for these two if t hey do not figure out how to communicate and listen to each other properly.4.) Using the specific examples from the case study, list and discuss at least three listening barriers that may cause conflict between Lavar and Parris. 1) Distractions We get distracted by what is going on outside (our surroundings) and inside ourselves. 2) fond regard to personal beliefs and values We tend to find facts and evidence that support our views and we dismiss anything that weakens them. 3) Misinterpretations When we add an interpretation to what someones saying or doing, we introduce possible errors in communication. I think that for Lavar, his problem could be distraction. He is not really paying attention to what Parris has asked of him.5.) Given the path you choose in the case study, do you believe Parris reactions will help Lavar and her overcome their listening differences or is she just masking the problem? What might she do differently to enhance their communication?I think that Parris is just masking the problem she is not really looking at why they are not communicating well comely she just thinks it is all on him, when it is not it is on both of them to be able to communicate effectively to each other. She can talk to Lavar and find out why he is not doing what she asks, is he ignoring her or is he not sure of what she wants because of bad communication?

How Smoking Affects Your Body

How Smoking Affects Your Body Theres hardly a part of the human body thats not affected by the chemicals in the cigarettes you muckle. Lets take a tour of your body to look at how smoking affects it. Starting at the Top As a great dealr, youre at risk for cancer of the mouth. Tobacco smoke can also cause gum disease, tooth decay and bad breath. The teeth become unsightly and yellow. Smokers may experience frequent headaches. And lack of oxygen and change blood vessels to the brain can lead to strokes. Lungs and BronchiMoving down to your chest, smoke passes through the bronchi, or breathing tubes. Hydrogen cyanide and other chemicals in the smoke attack the lining of the bronchi, inflaming them and causing that chronic smokers cough. Because the bronchi are weakened, youre more likely to get bronchial infections. Mucus secretion in your lungs is impaired, also leash to chronic coughing. Smokers are 10 times as likely to get lung cancer and emphysema as nonsmokers. Smoking and the Heart The effects of smoking on your heart are devastating.Nicotine raises blood pressure and makes the blood clot more easily. Carbon monoxide robs the blood of oxygen and leads to the development of cholesterol deposits on the artery walls. in all of these effects add up to an increased risk of heart attack. In addition, the poor circulation resulting from cholesterol deposits can cause strokes, loss of circulation in fingers and toes and impotence. Smoking and the Bodys organs The digestive system is also affected. The tars in smoke can trigger cancer of the esophagus and throat.Smoking causes increased stomach acid secretion, leading to heartburn and ulcers. Smokers have higher rates of deadly pancreatic cancer. Many of the carcinogens from cigarettes are excreted in the urine where their presence can cause bladder cancer, which is often fatal. high gear blood pressure from smoking can damage the kidneys. The Results The health effects of smoking have results we can measure. Forty percent of men who are intelligent smokers will die before they reach retirement age, as compared to only 18 percent of nonsmokers.Women who smoke face an increased risk of cervical cancer, and pregnant women who smoke take a chance with the health of their unborn babies. But the good news is that when you quit smoking your body begins to repair itself. Ten long time after you quit, your body has repaired most of the damage smoking caused. Those who wait until cancer or emphysema has set in arent so luckythese conditions are unremarkably fatal. Its one more reason to take the big step and quit now.

Cellular System Components

Introduction to GSM interlockings act 1. 1 is a schematic overview of the main comp atomic recite 53nts in a GSM net income. The various porthole labels ar the formal strikes minded(p) to these interfaces. More exposits about these interfaces atomic number 18 found in GSM TS 03. 02 26. The GSM network consists mainly of the following functional parts multiple sclerosis the brisk proceeds exchange centre (MSC) is the core switching entity in the network. The MSC is connected to the radio retrieve network (RAN) the RAN is formed by the BSCs and BTSs deep down the Public Land erratic Network (PLMN).Users of the GSM network are registered with an MSC all bawls to and from the user are controlled by the MSC. A GSM network has angiotensin-converting enzyme or much MSCs, geographi squawky distributed. VLR the visitor location register (VLR) contains proofreader information for proofreaders registered in an MSC. Every MSC contains a VLR. Although MSC and VLR are separately addressable, they are always contained in one integrated node. GMSC the gateway MSC (GMSC) is the switching entity that controls mobile terminating calls.When a call is completed towards a GSM referee, a GMSC contacts the HLR of that indorser, to obtain the address of the MSC where that indorser is pre displacely registered. That MSC address is use to route the call to that subscriber. HLR the home location register (HLR) is the data bagful that contains a subscription record for each subscriber of the network. A GSM subscriber is normally associated with one particular HLR. The HLR is responsible for the sending of subscription data to the VLR (during registration) or GMSC (during mobile terminating call intervention). CN the core network (CN) consists of, amongst different things, MSC(s), GMSC(s) and HLR(s). These entities are the main components for call handling and subscriber management. Other main entities in the CN are the equipment identi? cation r egister (EIR) and authentication centre (AUC). CAMEL has no interaction with the EIR and AUC hence EIR and AUC are not further discussed. BSS the base spot system (BSS) is composed of one or more base station controllers (BSC) and one or more base transceiver stations (BTS). The BTS contains one or more transceivers (TRX).The TRX is responsible for radio signal transmission and reception. BTS and BSC are connected by dint of the Abis interface. The BSS is connected to the MSC through the A interface. MS the mobile station (MS) is the GSM handset. The structure of the MS will be described in more detail in a next section. A GSM network is a populace land mobile network (PLMN). Other types of PLMN are the time division multiple access (TDMA) network or code division multiple access (CDMA) network. GSM uses the following sub-division of the PLMN CAMEL Intelligent Networks for the GSM, GPRS and UMTS Network ? 006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Rogier Noldus 2 CAMEL Intelligent Networks f or the GSM, GPRS and UMTS Network To HLR from other PLMN D HLR D C Core network To/from other network MSC ISUP E MSC A BSC Abis BTS Um Um A ISUP GMSC ISUP BSC Abis BTS Um Um Base station system Air interface MS MS MS MS variety 1. 1 GSM network architecture Home PLMN (HPLMN) the HPLMN is the GSM network that a GSM user is a subscriber of. That implies that GSM users subscription data resides in the HLR in that PLMN. The HLR whitethorn transfer the subscription data to a VLR (during registration in a PLMN) or a GMSC (during mobile terminating call handling).The HPLMN may similarly contain various dish nodes, such as a hornswoggle pass on service centre (SMSC), service control point (SCP), etc. Visited PLMN (VPLMN) the VPLMN is the GSM network where a subscriber is accreditedly registered. The subscriber may be registered in her HPLMN or in another PLMN. In the latter case, the subscriber is outbound roaming (from HPLMNs perspective) and inbound roaming (from VPLMNs perspec tive). When the subscriber is currently registered in her HPLMN, then the HPLMN is at the same time VPLMN. 1 Interrogating PLMN (IPLMN) the IPLMN is the PLMN containing the GMSC that handles mobile terminating (MT) calls.MT calls are always handled by a GMSC in the PLMN, regardless of the crinkle of the call. For most operators, MT call handling is done by a GMSC in the HPLMN in that case, the HPLMN is at the same time IPLMN. This implies that calls destined for a GSM subscriber are always routed to the HPLMN of that GSM subscriber. Once the call has arrived in the HPLMN, the HPLMN acts as IPLMN. MT call handling will be described in more detail in subsequent sections. When sanctioned optimal routing (BOR) is applied, the IPLMN is not the same PLMN as the HPLMN.The user of a GSM network is referred to as the served subscriber the MSC that is serving that subscriber is known as the serving MSC. Examples are mobile originated call the MSC that is handling the call is the servin g MSC for this call the name subscriber is the served subscriber mobile terminated call the GMSC that is handling the call is the serving GMSC for this call the called subscriber is the served subscriber. 1 The CAMEL service requirement, GSM TS 02. 78 12 uses this strict de? nition. The term VPLMN is, however, commonly employ to denote any network other than the HPLMN.Introduction to GSM Networks 3 1. 1 Signalling in GSM The various entities in the GSM network are connected to one another through signalling networks. Signalling is employ for example, for subscriber mobility, subscriber registration, call validation, etc. The connections to the various entities are known as reference points. Examples include A interface the connection among MSC and BSC Abis interface the connection between BSC and BTS D interface the connection between MSC and HLR Um interface the radio connection between MS and BTS. various(a) signalling protocols are used over the reference points. Some of these protocols for GSM are the following mobile application part (MAP) MAP is used for call control, subscriber registration, short message service, etc. MAP is used over many of the GSM network interfaces base station system application part (BSSAP) BSSAP is used over the A interface direct transfer application part (DTAP) DTAP is used between MS and MSC DTAP is carried over the Abis and the A interface. DTAP is speci? ed in GSM TS 04. 08 49 ISDN user part (ISUP) ISUP is the protocol for establishing and releasing circuit switched calls.ISUP is also used in landline Integrated serve Digital Network (ISDN). A circuit is the data channel that is established between two users in the network. Within ISDN, the data channel is generally a 64 kbit/s channel. The circuit is used for the transfer of the encoded speech or other data. ISUP is speci? ed in ITU-T Q. 763 137. When it comes to call establishment, GSM makes a distinction between signalling and payload. Signallin g refers to the exchange of information for call set up payload refers to the data that is transferred within a call, i. e. voice, video, fax etc.For a mobile terminated GSM call, the signalling consists of exchange of MAP messages between GMSC, HLR and visited MSC (VMSC). The payload is transferred by the ISUP connection between GMSC and VMSC. It is a constant aim to optimize the payload transfer through the network, as payload transfer has a direct cost aspect associated with it. Some network service are designed to optimize the payload transfer. One example is optimal routing. 1. 2 GSM Mobility Roaming with GSM is made possible through the separation of switching capability and subscription data.A GSM subscriber has her subscription data, including CAMEL data, permanently registered in the HLR in her HPLMN. The GSM operator is responsible for provisioning this data in the HLR. The MSC and GMSC in a PLMN, on the other hand, are not speci? c for one subscriber group. The switchin g capability of the MSC in a PLMN may be used by that PLMNs own subscribers, but also by inbound roaming subscribers see Figure 1. 2. In Figure 1. 2, the GSM user who is a subscriber of PLMN-A roams to PLMN-B. The HLR in PLMN-A transfers the users subscription data to the MSC in PLMN-B.The subscribers subscription data remains in the MSC/VLR as long as she is served by a BSS that is connected to that MSC. Even when the user switches her MS off and then on again, the subscription data remains in the MSC. After an extended period of the MS being switched off, the subscription data will be purged from the MSC. When the subscriber switches her MS on again, the subscriber has to re-register with the MSC, which entails the MSC asking the HLR in the HPLMN to re-send the subscription data for that subscriber. 4 CAMEL Intelligent Networks for the GSM, GPRS and UMTS NetworkTransfer of subscription data to MSC/VLR HLR PLMN-A MSC MS contributor roams to other PLMN PLMN-B MSC Figure 1. 2 Transf er of GSM subscription data for a roaming subscriber When the subscriber moves from one MSC service area (MSC-1) to another MSC service area (MSC-2), the HLR will instruct MSC-1 to purge the subscription data of this subscriber and will send the subscription data to MSC-2. 1. 3 Mobile Station The MS, i. e. the GSM handset, is logically built up from the following components mobile equipment (ME) this is the GSM terminal, excluding the SIM card subscriber identi? ation faculty (SIM) this is the chip engraft in the SIM card that identi? es a subscriber of a GSM network the SIM is embedded in the SIM card. When the SIM card is inserted in the ME, the subscriber may register with a GSM network. The ME is now effectively personalized for this GSM subscriber see Figure 1. 3. The characteristics of the SIM are speci? ed in GSM TS 11. 11. The SIM card contains information such as IMSI, advice of charge parameters, operator-speci? c emergency number, etc. For the UMTS network an enhanc ed SIM is speci? ed, the universal subscriber identity module (USIM) refer 3GPP TS 31. 02. 1. 4 Identi? ers in the GSM Network GSM uses several identi? ers for the routing of calls, secerning subscribers (e. g. for charging), locating the HLR, identifying equipment, etc. Some of these identi? ers play an important role for CAMEL. 1. 4. 1 International Mobile Subscriber Identity The international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) is embedded on the SIM card and is used to identify a subscriber. The IMSI is also contained in the subscription data in the HLR. The IMSI is used for identifying a subscriber for various processes in the GSM network. Some of these are KPN SIM + ME = MSFigure 1. 3 Components of the mobile station Introduction to GSM Networks 5 3 digits MCC Maximum 15 digits 2 or 3 digits MNC MSIN Figure 1. 4 Structure of the IMSI location update when attaching to a network, the MS reports the IMSI to the MSC, which uses the IMSI to derive the global title (GT) of the HLR associated with the subscriber terminating call when the GSM network handles a call to a GSM subscriber, the HLR uses the IMSI to identify the subscriber in the MSC/VLR, to start a process for delivering the call to that subscriber in that MSC/VLR. roaming charging a VPLMN uses the IMSI o send billing records to the HPLMN of a subscriber. Figure 1. 4 shows the format of the IMSI. mobile country code (MCC) the MCC identi? es the country for mobile networks. The MCC is not used for call establishment. The usage of MCC is de? ned in ITU-T E. 212 129. The MCC values are allocated and published by the ITU-T. mobile network code (MNC) the MNC identi? es the mobile network within a mobile country (as identi? ed by MCC). MCC and MNC together identify a PLMN. revive to ITU-T E. 212 129 for MNC usage. The MNC may be two or three digits in length. Common practice is that, within a country (as identi? d by MCC), all MNCs are either two or three digits. mobile subscriber identi? cation number (MSIN) the MSIN is the subscriber identi? er within a PLMN. The IMSI is reported to the SCP during CAMEL service invocation. The IMSI may be needed, for example, when identifying a country countries in North America fork over equal country code (country code = 1), but different MCC (e. g. Canada = 303 Mexico = 334). 1. 4. 2 Mobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network Number (MSISDN Number) The MSISDN is used to identify the subscriber when, among other things, establishing a call to that subscriber or sending an SMS to that subscriber.Hence, the MSISDN is used for routing purposes. Figure 1. 5 shows the structure of the MSISDN. country code (CC) the CC identi? es the country or group of countries of the subscriber national destination code (NDC) each PLMN in a country has one or more NDCs allocated to it the NDC may be used to route a call to the appropriate network subscriber number (SN) the SN identi? es the subscriber within the number plan of a PLMN. CC ND C SN 1, 2 or 3 digits Maximum 15 digits Figure 1. 5 Structure of the MSISDN 6 CAMEL Intelligent Networks for the GSM, GPRS and UMTS Network IMEITAC 6 digits FAC 2 digits FAC 2 digits SNR 6 digits SNR 6 digits spare 1 digit IMEISV TAC 6 digits SV 2 digits Figure 1. 6 Structure of IMEI and IMEISV The MSISDN is not stored on the subscribers SIM card and is normally not available in the MS. 2 The MSISDN is provisioned in the HLR, as part of the subscribers pro? le, and is sent to MSC during registration. The MSISDN is also reported to SCP when a CAMEL service is invoked. One subscriber may have multiple MSISDNs. These MSISDNs are provisioned in the HLR. At any one moment, only a single MSISDN is available in the MSC/VLR for the subscriber. . 4. 3 International Mobile Equipment Identi? er The international mobile equipment identi? er (IMEI) is used to identify the ME or user equipment (UE) in UMTS network. Each ME has a unique IMEI. The IMEI is hard-coded in the ME and cannot be modi? ed . Figure 1. 6 shows the structure of the IMEI. The IMEI is not used for routing or subscriber identi? cation. Refer to GSM TS 03. 03 27 for the type approval code (TAC), ? nal assembly code (FAC) and serial number (SNR). The software interpretation (SV) may be included in the IMEI (IMEISV) to indicate the version of software embedded in the ME.The IMEI is always encoded as an eight-octet string. As from CAMEL Phase 4, the IMEI(SV) may be reported to the SCP. 1. 4. 4 Mobile Station Roaming Number The mobile station roaming number (MSRN) is used in the GSM network for routing a call to a MS. The need for the MSRN stems from the fact that the MSISDN identi? es a subscriber, but not the current location of that subscriber in a telecommunications network. The MSRN is allocated to a subscriber during MT call handling and is released when the call to that subscriber is established. Each MSC in a PLMN has a (limited) range of MSRNs allocated to it.An MSRN may be allocated to any subscriber registered in that MSC. The MSRN has the form of an E. 164 number and can be used by the GMSC for establishing a call to a GSM subscriber. An MSRN is part of a GSM operators number plan. The MSRN indicates the GSM network a subscriber is registered in, but not the GSM network the subscriber belongs to. Figure 1. 7 shows how the MSRN is used for call routing. The MSRN is not meant for call initiation. GSM operators may con? gure their MSC such that subscribers cannot dial numbers that fall within the MSRN range of that operator. 1. 5 introductory ServicesAll activities that may be done in the GSM network, such as establishing a voice call, establishing a data call, sending a short message, etc. , are classi? ed as elementary function. In order for a subscriber to use a GSM basic service, she must have a subscription to that service. 3 The handling of a basic 2 GSM subscribers may program their MSISDN into the phone this has, however, no signi? cance for the network. 3 Exceptions are Tele Service 12 (emergency call establishment) and Tele Service 23 (Cell Broadcast). Subscribers do not need a subscription to these Tele Services to use them.Introduction to GSM Networks 7 return MSRN request MSRN HLR VMSC MSRN GMSC incoming call MSISDN Figure 1. 7 Usage of MSRN during call establishment to a GSM subscriber service is fully standardized. Hence, a subscriber may use a basic service in any GSM network she roams to, provided that that basic service is supported in that network. The HLR will send a list of subscribed basic serve to the MSC/VLR, during registration. When a GSM subscriber initiates a call, the MS supplies the serving MSC with a set of parameters describing the circuitswitched connection that is call for.These parameters are the bearer capability (BC), low-layer compatibility (LLC) and high-layer compatibility (HLC), as will be described below. The MSC uses the BC, LLC and HLC to derive the basic service for this call. The rules for deriving the bas ic service from LLC, HLC and BC are speci? ed in GSM TS 09. 07 55. The MSC then checks whether the subscriber has a subscription to the requested basic service, i. e. whether the subscription data in the VLR contains that basic service. If the service is not subscribed to, then the MSC disallows the call. The basic service is not transported over ISUP.When a CAMEL service is invoked, the MSC reports the requested basic service to the SCP. The SCP may use the indication of the requested basic service for call service processing. Examples include video calls may be supercharged at a higher rate than speech calls for data calls and fax calls, the CAMEL service shall not play any announcements or tones. Basic services are divided into two groups tele services and bearer services. 1. 5. 1 Tele Services Table 1. 1 provides an overview of the available tele services (TS) see also GSM TS 02. 03 3. 1. 5. 2 Bearer Services Table 1. provides an overview of the available bearer services (BS) . The two bearer service groups are sub-divided into a variety of bearer services with different characteristics. Refer to GSM TS 02. 02 2. 1. 5. 3 Circuit Bearer description Bearer capability, low-layer compatibility and high-layer compatibility are descriptors of a circuitswitched (CS) connection. When a GSM subscriber initiates a call, the BC, LLC and HLC are transported from MS to MSC over DTAP. The MSC includes the parameters in the ISUP signal to the destination. These parameters are also reported to the SCP during CAMEL service invocation.That enables a CAMEL service to adapt the service logic processing to the type of call. Figure 1. 8 shows the comparison between LLC, HLC and BC on the DTAP and the corresponding parameters on ISUP. 8 CAMEL Intelligent Networks for the GSM, GPRS and UMTS Network Table 1. 1 Tele service 11 12 Tele services Description Telephony Emergency calls Comment This TS represents the normal speech call The emergency call uses the characteristics of t elephony (TS11), but may be established without subscription and bypasses various checks in the MS and in the MSC This TS relates to receiving an SMS.This TS is not sent to the MSC/VLR. When an SMS is sent to the subscriber, the HLR checks whether the destination subscriber has a subscription to TS 21 This TS relates to the sending of an SMS This TS relates to the capability of an SMS that is sent as a broadcast SMS This TS relates to the capability to establish a speech and fax (group 3) call This TS relates to the capability to establish a fax (group 3) call This TS relates to the capability to get into in a group call as speci? ed in GSM TS 03. 8 35 This TS relates to the capability to receive a voice broadcast as speci? ed in GSM TS 03. 68 35 21 Short message MT 22 23 61 62 91 92 Short message MO Cell broadcast Alternate speech and fax group 3 Automatic fax group 3 go group call Voice broadcast Table 1. 2 Tele service 20 30 Bearer services Description Asynchronous data bearer services Synchronous data bearer services Comment May be used for asynchronous services from 300 bit/s to 64 kbit/s. May be used for synchronous services from 1. 2 to 64 kbit/s.This BS may be used, amongst other things, for multimedia services such as video telephony. 4 DTAP (GSM TS 04. 08) belittled layer compatibility High layer compatibility Bearer capability MSC ISUP (ITU-T Q. 763) Access transport low layer compatibility User teleservice information User service information Figure 1. 8 Transfer of LLC, HLC and BC through DTAP and ISUP Low-layer compatibility the LLC is transported transparently between the calling entity and called entity it may be used by the respective entities to adapt codecs for interworking purposes.LLC describes mainly characteristics associate to the data transfer. 4 3GPP Rel-7 may include a dedicated bearer service for video telephony. Introduction to GSM Networks 9 High-layer compatibility the HLC is also transported transparently between the cal ling entity and called entity it is used to describe the requested service, such as telephony, Fax, video telephony, etc. Bearer capability the BC describes the characteristics of the 64 kbit/s circuit requested for the call. 1. 6 appurtenant ServicesSupplementary services (SS) in GSM are a means of enriching the user experience. An SS may, for example, forward a call in the case of no reply from the called party, chuck out certain outgoing or incoming calls, show the number of the calling party to the called party, etc. In order to use an SS, a GSM user demand a subscription to that SS. The subscription to accessory services is contained in the HLR and is sent to the MSC/VLR during registration. The supplementary services are fully standardized.A GSM subscriber can therefore use her supplementary services in any GSM network, provided that the network supports these supplementary services, and have the same user experience. Table 1. 3 SS group Line identi? cation GSM supplemen tary services Supplementary services Calling line identi? cation presentation (CLIP) Calling line identi? cation restriction (CLIR) Connected line presentation (COLP) Connected line restriction (COLR) Calling name presentation (CNAP) Call forwarding unconditional (CFU) Call forwarding busy (CFB) Call forwarding no reply (CFNRY) Call forwarding not reachable (CFNRC) Call de? ction (CD) Explicit call transfer (ECT) Call waiting (CW) Call hold (CH) Call completion to busy subscriber (CCBS) Multi-call (MC) Multi-party call (MPTY) Closed user group (CUG) Advice of charge information (AOCI)Advice of charge charge (AOCC) User-to-user signalling service 1 (UUS1) User-to-user signalling service 2 (UUS2) User-to-user signalling service 3 (UUS3) forbid of all outgoing calls (BAOC) Barring of outgoing international calls (BOIC) Barring of outgoing international calls except to the home country (BOIC-exHc) Barring of all ncoming calls (BAIC) Barring of all incoming calls when roaming (BICROAM) enhanced multi-level antecedence and pre-emption (eMLPP) GSM TS 02. 81 13 Name identi? cation Call forwarding 02. 96 24 02. 82 14, Call offering Call completion 02. 72 11 02. 91 22 02. 83 15, 02. 93 23, 22. 135 69a 02. 84 16 02. 85 17 02. 86 18 02. 87 19 Multi-party Community of interest Charging Additional information transfer Call finishring 02. 88 20 Call precedency 2. 67 10 a For the multi-call service, there is no GSM TS available, but only a 3GPP TS (22. 135). 10 CAMEL Intelligent Networks for the GSM, GPRS and UMTS Network Supplementary services may be provisioned for an individual basic service or for a group of basic services, e. g. a subscriber may have barring of all outgoing calls for all tele services and all bearer services, except SMS (tele service group 20). Such a subscriber is barred from establishing utgoing calls (except emergency calls), but may still send short messages.Some supplementary services may be activated or deactivated by the user. Exampl es include call forwarding and call barring. An operator may decide to bar certain subscribers or subscriber groups from modifying their supplementary services. Table 1. 3 shows the Supplementary Services. They are combined in service groups. Subscriptions are per individual Supplementary Service. The right-most column indicates the GSM technical speci? ations (TS) that specify the service requirement for the respective Supplementary Service(s). The chapters on CAMEL Phases 14 describe the interaction between CAMEL and the various supplementary services. non all GSM networks support all supplementary services. Many of the supplementary services in GSM have equivalent supplementary services in ISDN. The ISDN supplementary services are described in ITU-T recommendations. GSM TS 02. 03 3 describes how the supplementary services may be activated, deactivated and invoked.

The Nature of God and Man

The Nature of divinity fudge and Man Utah Valley University Abstract The record and relationship of divinity to military man has always been human tempers to a greater extent important question. As man is, deity once was as god is, man may be issue forth. Lorenzo Snow. I incur asked myself this statement many times. What is graven images personality? What is mans nature? And human nature is graven images nature on that pointfore, a reflect of deitys nature is simultaneously a study of human nature. I leave al hotshot explicate this statement and my beliefs about human nature and how it operates. The Nature of paragon and Man I wasnt nice to other people.I was always fighting, arguing, name calling with the neighbors, as well as my teachers. I stole from department stores, I lied to my pargonnts and coaches and teachers. I cheated on my homework and tests and my relationships. I hurt others in physical altercations. I would bully my peers verbally. I manipulated people into to doing what I cherished. I used drugs and alcohol illegally, I would drive drunk, and I disrespected my elders. I deliver brought embarrassment and shame to my family. I havent always understood mans existence and purpose here in this invigoration.I have come to understand that my purpose, which is part of my God-given human nature, is to become exchangeable God. I have realized that very slowly as the result of many mistakes and challenges. Some, maybe most, of the finds from my which I have scamed about my naturewhich is excessively human naturehave been negative, only, a few have been positive. A negative experience from which I learned a great deal was pickings my first drink of beer at a party at my brothers apartment when I was sixteen. That drink soon led to my becoming an alcoholic.One of the good choices I made, and there have only been a few, was to leave collegeincluding my athletic dreams. I returned home after my sophoto a greater extent year at college a nd spoke with my mother about approximately of my bad choices. I now go to court appointed counseling for the bad choices Ive made. It feels care the last 6 years of my life have been spent cleaning up the wreckage of my past. I have learned that making decisions that violate eternal principles and laws that are irrevocably decreed in heaven lick about personal pain, anguish, and sorrow.That was true for me, and Im sure its true for everyone. I have learned from the bad experiences reported above that they adopt to failure and misery. People told me that, but I had to learn it myself. I have since begun to take the necessary steps to make amends and repent of these behaviors. I have entered rehabilitation centers and have met with professionals to clean up my past and to lift those same behaviors. In other words, I have begun to listen to the God given verbalise inside of me that has always called me to become like God.I now have a better knowledge of my divine purpose and a g reater thought of myself by understanding the nature of God and the nature of man. And what is this new understanding? Gods nature is human nature. And human nature is Gods nature therefore, a study of Gods nature is simultaneously a study of human nature. Much of my new understanding is based on two of Christian doctrines more popular statements which I have pondered at great length. The first is from the writings of President Lorenzo Snow, As man is, god once was as god is, man may become. The second is that man is created in the image of god (see Doctrine and Covenants 2018). So, I am going to spend some time discussing Gods nature because (as I will show later) it is mans nature too. God was once as I am to twenty-four hour period, with both good and bad qualities and characteristics. He had flaws and character defects, but God was a man who desired good works and self improvement. I do non profess to know all about God in fact I know very little. I dont know what God was lik e before He became God. God was moderately like me and He figured out over time what mattered most to his progression and happiness.God was intelligent, patient, and meek. Although at times, he similarly may have been frightened, angry, and alone. God has experience some of the same, if not all of the same emotions and feelings humans experience. God sinnedpossibly even as reality have sinned. God became God by overcoming all his imperfections and discovering true happiness, and God desires to keep us from making some of the same mistakes. And he can do that because our nature and his nature are the same. God gave us commandments to help us to become like him. One of the most important things God learned was the existence of eternal principles.I recollect that means that those eternal principles existed before God did. It was through discovering and adapting to those eternal principles that God became who God is now. He learned that these principles have consequences, and when you abide by them you possess joy, happiness, and progress. When you violate them your reward is shame, guilt, and sorrow, and you quit making progressor become worse. One of the traits of Gods nature is the ability to change. Having learned about eternal principles, God continually strove to upgrade himself by conforming to them and increasingly realizing his potential.He continually progressed toward eventual perfection. That is called eternal progression. The need to move toward perfection is an important part of Gods nature and of human nature. God wanted to progress and was willing to pay the price for progress, God never gave up. He never quit growing, progressing, challenging himself, stretching his limitations, accepting help from others, receiving gossip and advice. God was willing to do whatever it took to overcome whatever stood in his way. God understood that it isnt where he was, but where He wanted to be that counted.Gods ability to change and His desire to progress are what eventually made him into God. God also had a form, and that body was both a blessing and the beginning of many problems for him. It was a blessing because it seems that a spirit can only experience a limited amount, not enough to become perfect. Apparently hard liquor went as far as they could go as spirits, and without a body, spirits could make no more progress. That happened to God, and so somehow he was given a body. I said above that God kept learning, and one of the things he learned was that he had to control his body.His body was designed with a very fundamental nature to pursue pleasure and avoid pain. God learned that his body could not always pursue pleasure. God learned through his own experience that many physical experiences, including sexual gratification must be controlled. He learned that sex is for a man and woman. It brings pleasure into the relationship, brings the couple closer together, and allows agency for intimacy and growth and procreation. W hen this eternal principle is violated, the spirit and the body go out of harmony. Any gratification which harms or interferes with others must be deferred.Any pleasure of the body which compromises eternal principals of ethics and morality must be deferred. These are examples of eternal principles which God learned about his body. God also learned that he could not always avoid pain. How did he learn that? He learned it from the temptations, struggles, disappointments, and failures discussed earlier. God surely felt pain he probably still feels it. We know that he weeps over lost souls. But even so he doesnt just save them anyway in their lost state. God has learned that he cant, so He has also learned to bear the pain.God learned that the pain of labor and hard work is a tool to strengthen us and teach us valuable lessons. God learned about the pain of loss that comes from a broken heart or the death of a cheatd one, the pain of time interval from the Holy Spirit, the pain of di sappointment that may stem from family life and close relationships, the pain of failure from school or from a goal not accomplished. God learned that while some pain can be avoided, very often pain must be endured. God learned that it is the price he must pay for progress. Another thing which God learned or notice was the love of others.He detect that joy comes from thinking about and serving others. At first selfishness probably seemed best to meet his involve, but God eventually discovered that self seeking didnt really meet his needs. What he discovered was that when a person cares for another person, they care for the person in return, and even if they dont care for the person in return, theres a feeling of joy that comes from helping them, and that seems to be another one of those eternal principles. When God discovered how to achieve joy, he immediately experienced love. He wanted to share his knowledge with others.This is like Lehi who upon tasting the fruit of the tree o f life (joy), immediately thought to share it with others. Gods love for others became his work and his glory which is to bring to route the eternal life of mankind. (see Moses 139). If, as President Snow observed, As man is, god once was as god is, man may become, the rendering of Gods nature is a description of human nature. The same eternal principles that God discovered apply as well to me and you. The principles exist and if we conform to them we get happiness, and if we dont, we get misery.At first, it didnt feel inseparable, not part of human nature, to conform to eternal principles. God calls our desire to resist change the natural man and the natural man has to learn to conform to those principles. Humans can either learn eternal principles from God by following his commandments, or they will learn those principles the way God did, which was the hard way. I had to learn a great many of them the hard way. I was told on many occasions that the anxiety my life was headed w ould lead me to heartache. I have since discovered, the hard way, that those people were right.God shows us those eternal principles in the form of commandments. What God discovered about life he reduced to rules called commandments so simple people can live them. If we live the commandments, we learn and live eternal principles, if we ignore the commandments we are on our own. When Abraham Maslow developed his ideal of self-actualization, he chanced upon one of those eternal principles mentioned above. A result of the years which God spent struggling, learning, failing, repenting, etc, was that he learned that he could only be happy when he was realizing his potential to be perfect.It is not an accident that when Maslow set out to study human nature by studying how healthy humans act, he discovered self-actualization. Every human desires to fulfill his potential, to become all he can be. Concluding that the nature of every human being, is to strive and progress to become like God. Everything Maslow said about self actualization is true. Maslow called it self-actualization I call it eternal progression. God purposefully placed each human being here on this earth to receive a body. God discovered that a physical body is necessary in order to have joy. But humans also need to learn to control their physical bodies.God learned that the body cannot always have pleasure and that it must endure some pain. Healthy people learn the same thing. Bodies are a great blessing if they are controlled. Humans cant have pleasures all the time they must be controlled. haughty pleasures is not the same as denying pleasures we have to learn from God what an appropriate expression of physical pleasure is and what it isnt. God learned that you cant avoid all pain. We feel growing pains through emotions that are not always understood by us. There are the pains of labor from working(a) on projects and tasks that might not be very successful.We must endure the pain of sickness and death that may arrive without notice. These are all the types of discomforts which God understands from his own personal experience. Humans are social beings who instinctively, which means by their nature as humans, need to be with other people and to feel love in order to feel fulfilled and complete. The importance of social needs and friendship are greatly misunderstood. Humans needs for friendship creates humans own self image how a human is accepted by peers determines to a large degree their own view of their personal worth.I recall a good example of friendship and how it can influence others for good. I was struggling with some directional decisions. A friend of my brother befriended me at the local lycee and after many conversations, he convinced me to play football with him and others. Through his friendship and mentoring I grew to better understand the need for good positive friends. Humans needs are such(prenominal) that social interaction and love drive us to each other. Humans need love and interaction to give them a sense of purpose, a sense of belonging, and a sense of homeostasis.Just like God, most humans learn that loving others works better than selfishness. Humans are created in such a way that human beings need nourishment, unalterable stimulation through verbal and non verbal communication from other people. During infants beginning growth they need constant contact with their parents and others, giving them the opportunity to grow and begin learning. Throughout childhood and into adolescences and on to adulthood, humans need and want other humans in their life to give them a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction.Physical embraces are common in all of lifes relationships for example, in athletics high-fives and pats on the backside to congratulate one another for a job well done. Sporting teams huddle up before and during, as well as after games, in order to come together and experiences their physical and emotional state of being. It is customary in many cultures to embrace one another with hugs and kisses upon greeting one another. Man is as God once was, and God is as man may become. In addition, man was and is created in the image and likeness of God.Ive used these two well known Christian doctrines to argue that investigating Gods nature is the best way to understand human nature. I dont pretend to say that my ideas are Christian doctrine, but they are what I have come to believe as a result of my own personal struggles and their relationship to those two doctrines. When the day comes that I will be seated across from others, counseling them, I hope to treat them as people who are struggling, just as god may have once struggled. And it will be my job as a counselor to help them see their potential to become gods or goddesses. ? ? ?

Marriott at Myanmar Essay

This report is prep ard to be the first document evaluating Myanmars attractiveness for consideration of establishing Marriott Hotels and Resorts in this agricultural. The best location for the hotel is chosen to be the urban center c anyed Yangon since it offers a wide variety of activities for travelers with different interests. Yangon Marriott Hotels and Resorts forget be attracted to upscale realizeors who wish to stay in a extravagance, five-star hotel with exceptional service quality, while enjoying the yellowish pink of the country.The intent groups of customers are non limited completely to local proud income Burmese, but also foreign visitors who come on a logical argument or vacation purposes in Myanmar. Myanmar is a resource-rich country with a lot of unseen and attractive destinations. If developed properly, the country has a graduate(prenominal) potential for growth in the tourism industry in the incoming. However, due to the high level of risks of its cult ural, economical and political systems, this country is considered not attractive enough to operate the luxury brand hospitality personal credit line chthonian Marriott name.Strained affinity with the U. S disposal and the European Union also makes it much difficult for an international brand resembling Marriott to establish a new business in this country. II. Overview Summary Information A. Key information figureing demographics of the target country The Union of Myanmar, previously c eached Burma, occupies the epicst geographical area in the mainland Southeast Asia. From North to South, three parallel custody of mountain ranges divide the country into three river systems and create various topographic regions.It shares national b posts with several(prenominal)(prenominal) countries China on the north, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, and India on the northwest, with the Bay of Bengal to the southwest. The country achieved independence from the get together Kingdom in 1948. The population of Myanmar, approximately 54 million people, is highly diverse. There are octette major ethnic groups, which terminate be subdivided into 135 ethnic minorities. The official language is Burmese however, several native languages are also spoken.English is usually spoken, particularly by the educated urban elites, and is the petty(a) language learnt in governing body schools. Eighty part of Burmese population is Buddhist, prevalent in Theravada sect. The soldiery government has officially relocated the capital of the country from Yangon to Naypyidaw in March 2006. III. Business recital A. History of the company Marriott International, Inc. is a leading worldwide operator and franchisor of a range of value and luxury hotels and related lodging facilities.Nowadays, Marriott International has closely 3,150 lodging properties located in the United States and 67 other countries and territories. Its trading trading operation s are grouped into five business segments, which are full-service lodging, select service lodging, extended-stay lodging, timeshare, and synthetic fuel. Marriott International was organise in 1993 when Marriott Corporation split into two companies Marriott International and Host Marriott Corporation. The company is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. B. Products/services offered and their comical advantage in the target commercializesThe Marriott has become one of the worlds leading hospitality business operators from its excellent quality, service, and value. Throughout the Asia-Pacific region, its brand name has continuously led the company to the consistent growth in Marriott properties in galore(postnominal) countries such(prenominal) as China, Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. Each Marriott hotel differentiates itself with exceptional amenities, individualized attention to guests, and careful reflectivity of local surroundings. As the business expands worldwide, Marriott br and gains a high level of brand loyalty from its guests.This large customer base will help facilitate the business when the brand enters to new-oversea markets. IV. Business Activity A. patience structure, competition in the country and current economy of the target country Even though the moment of travelers visiting Myanmar is very low, tourism is considered the countrys major source for foreign exchange. Burmese government has been trying to get on their tourism industry to outsiders. They launched the campaign of Visit Myanmar Year in 1996. After that, harmonize to the Statistics from Ministry of Hotels Tourism, the number of tourist arrivals has been increased.However, this increasing number could not retain on a continuous foundation garment due to the countrys dubiousness and instability in many areas that made people shade uncomfortable visiting Myanmar. Myanmars economy is currently mixed and primarily based on verdant activities, including livestock, fisheries, and forestry. This sector accounts for 50 percent of the countrys overall GDP. The country also possesses several kinds of rich natural resources, including intensely fertile soil, offshore oil, and gas deposit.It is also the worlds largest exporter of teak and valued stones such as jade, pearls, rubies, and sapphires. Since late 1988, Myanmar moved toward more market-oriented economy. It changed its centrally planned economy to be more liberalized, twain in domestic and international trade. The role of private sector was promoted, and foreign direct investment was welcomed. Despite such efforts, Myanmar is still considered the poorest country among the Southeast Asiatic nations. Although tourist industry has a high potential for growth in the future, it still remains lowdeveloped.This is because mismanagement from the military governments control, ineffectual and inefficient policies, poor infrastructures, together with the countrys bad international image bring forth cadavero us the whole country to the state of beneathdevelopment. Moreover, since the late 1990s, Myanmars economy has worsened due to economic sanctions from many countries such as the European Union, Canada, and the U. S. Foreign investments usually come from China, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand. V. market Research A. Market conditions in target country 1. Existing holdThere are several reasons why Myanmar should be a good place in consideration for new investment opportunity. The country has vast and well-nigh untapped natural resources. To this day, Myanmar remains one of the closely mysterious and undiscovered destinations in the world. The country seems appeal to many tourists around the world due to its unseen attractions with regard to cultures, history, and natural beaut. There has been an increasing demand from outside the country, especially from those travelers who wish to discover this resource-rich country.Myanmar is viewed as a good destination for people who wa nt to have an exotic adventure, beach vacation, and mountain experience. In addition, advocates supporting Burmese tourist claim that it is the only method to help Burmese poor citizen to have a better standard of living and suspend isolating the country from the rest of the world. Another bitant pick out needed to be pointed out is the centre from the leader of Myanmars opposition depicted object League of body politic. Aung San Suu Kyi has in the past asked foreign tourists not to visit the country, as this helps increase the military juntas power.This is one of the reasons why some people do not want to visit the country. 2. Competition After the Burmese government opened the country to promote several industries, tourism started to develop in Myanmar. Nowadays, there are approximately 500 hotels and guest domicils throughout the country. In Yangon alone, there are only six luxury hotels and approximately 20 moderate and economy hotels. Among those luxury hotels, none of th em is operated under the recognized global hotel-chain companies.Most of the hotels are work on by local Burmese people or businessmen from neighboring countries such as China, Singapore and Thailand. Therefore, competition in Myanmars tourism industry has not reached the intense level yet. VI. capableness Difficulties or Restriction A. Entry fatality The Government of Myanmar posts some restrictions on foreign investors wishing to do business in the country. In order to establish and operate under contractual agreement or partnership, foreign entity must submit all proposals to the Myanmar coronation Commission (MIC) and get approved under the Foreign Investment Law (FIL).Foreign investors can set up their business either in the form of a wholly-owned subsidiary or a joint venture with any partners an individual, private company, a cooperative society or a state-owned enterprise. In all joint ventures, the minimum equity required from the foreign party is 35 percent. Moreover, the minimum meat of capital requirement to be eligible under the Foreign Investment Law is set to be US $500,000 for an industry, but US$300,000 for a service organization. Tourism industry is one of many sectors allowed under the Foreign Investment Law.Rather than the initial investment requirement, Myanmar also has commercial tax of ten percent levied on service of operation of hotels. B. Intellectual property issues Intellectual property is one all important(predicate) issue that prevents many oversea businesses from entering to Myanmar. The country has a negative outlook on its control with regard to this matter. Myanmar is considered having poor, maybe poorest, intellectual property right laws by the outside world. Marriott brand could be jeopardized since Myanmars economy alone may not be able to protect the ownership of the companys trademark.In the past, there was an evident showing that some local businesses were registered by using the existing international trademarks or trade name, and that prevented the original owners to register their own names and run the business in this country. VII. Cultural Issues A. piety and its role in the society Since most Burmese people are Buddhist of Theravada stream, Buddhism has greatly influenced the standards of etiquette in the country. Their core religious belief is karma, the concept that good fathers good and bad fathers bad.This core belief has reflected in almost every aspect in everyday life however, it does not play a world-shaking role in doing business in this country. With basic knowledge of Burmese culture and custom, foreigners would find it well-to-do to live with the local people. B. Special cultural issues For employer and employee relationship, Burmese employees are hardworks and loyal to their bosses. In return, an employer is judge to give help when in times of need. Such help can be the advice given for individualised problems or loan granted in a financial crisis.As in all Asiatic c ountries, Myanmar respect people older than them. Therefore, in order to avoid friction in workplace, subordinates should be workings under an older supervisor. Friendship, trust, and honesty are valued in a business relationship. Favors received, such as introducing a potential client or supplying a reference, must be repaid at a future time. For the first time in a business meeting, details of the project may not be discussed. Instead, the meeting may be spent evaluating each others personality and business strengths and weaknesses.In general, Myanmar business people find it easier to deal with Asians than Westerners. C. Business cultural issues In recent familys, both China and India have attempted to strengthen ties with the Burmese government for economic benefits. This state of affairs indicates that relationship with the military government could help smooth out the process or get the deals more easily. Personal relationship is considered one of the key components that cou ld determine the success of the business. Foreign business will be more seeming to succeed if the foreign entity can tie with a local partner, ultimately the Burmese government.According to Asian Journal of Political Science, all post-colonial Myanmar governments and the business community benefited from their clientelistic networks. Without the help of government officials, many business firms would have gone under quickly at the same time, without the assistance of business people, it would have been hard for most post-colonial Myanmar governments to keep themselves in power. It is very clear that government-business relations cannot simply be reduced to a zero-sum game. current interactions between the military government and the business community were mutually empowering.Corruption is systemic at all levels of the Government and society. From Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, It is considered by economists and businesspersons to be one of the most just barriers to in vestment and doing business in the country. A Byzantine and capricious regulatory environment fostered corruption. VIII. Service routine A. Location of service facilities The best location that Marriott Hotels and Resorts could be is in the urban center called Yangon. Yangon, previously known as Rangoon, is one of the most popular areas for foreign visitors and is considered the gateway to Myanmar.It is the largest and former capital of the country. Even though the city is no longer the capital, Yangon continues to be the most important commercial center of Myanmar. This relatively simple city is attractive in its own particular way. Yangon has earned the name the Garden City of the East since it is blue jet and cool with lush of tropical trees, shady parks, and beautiful lakes. The city offers a wide variety of activities for visitors such as diving, cultures, and ecotourism. Therefore, this city has a potential to attract a lot of travelers with different interests. B. Service revision necessary to adapt to local environmentSince one of Marriotts strength lies in its careful observation of local surroundings, Marriott Hotels and Resorts built in Yangon should hold the same principle. Yangon Marriott Hotels and Resorts should combine the citys natural beauty of its history, culture and scenery while offering the unique luxury standards. Destination hotels and resorts type might be an appropriate alternative for Marriott in Yangon. The destination resort should be located in the Yangon area with famed natural features, plus an urban setting. IX. Personnel Strategies A. Employment restriction Myanmar has active labor force of about 20 million.They are fairly trained manpower and skilled labor with relatively low comprise comparing to other neighboring countries. There is only 23 percent of the overall population working in the service industry however, these Burmese people are considered hospitable due to the fact that they are generally honest and kind . However, due to the countrys poor infrastructure, Burmese people are not permitd with good education. Their skills might not be good enough to fit in Marriotts high standards of hospitality service. Therefore, it seems necessary for Marriott to provide training sessions to improve their hospitality skills.B. Expatriate issues Since Marriott ties the brand image with its superb service quality, it is vital that Yangon Marriott Hotels and Resorts are equipped with keen management team. Marriott International Inc. might need to import managers from oversea to run the Myanmar operations in order to ensure that Marriotts core business charge is followed everywhere. This issue brings about big challenge since it will not be easy to find the talented people who will be willing to work in a country with high uncertainty and instability in many aspects on a voluntary basis.Marriott International Inc. might need to provide them with high enough incentives to encourage them to accept thi s assignment. Nevertheless, under the Foreign Investment Law, Myanmar allows the employment of foreign experts and technicians. need manpower can be recruited through Township Labor Offices. X. Risks A. Government stability The most important risk exposed in Myanmar deals with its political issue. For the past 40 years, Myanmar has been ascertaind by the military government or junta, in which the power is centered. The State Peace and DevelopmentCouncil, or SPDC, maintains strict authoritarian rule over the people of Myanmar. The country has a reputation abroad for brutally crushing political dissent, as in the case of house arrests of Aung San Suu Kyi. According to the information from the articles Foreign relations of Burma and Military of Burma, Aung San Suu Kyis National League for Democracy won a landslide victory in the countrys alternative of 1990 however, the military which has controlled Myanmar (Burma) for decades refused to transition the country to civilian democrati c rule.For her part, Aung San Suu Kyi has spent most of the last decade under house arrest for her political efforts. In 1991, Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while still under house arrest. This case brings about the global awareness and concern on the countrys political abomination and human right violation. B. Legal risk The country also completely lacks of regulatory and legal transparency. every existing regulations, including those covering foreign investments, are subject to change with no advance or create verbally notice at the whim of the regimes ruling general.Myanmar does not accept International appeal of Justice. C. Economic risk Myanmars economy suffers from serious macroeconomic imbalance. The countrys money cash is called Kyat, which is not stable at all. Volatility happens on a weekly basis. The Kyat is not convertible. This severe situation includes rising inflation, fiscal deficits, and multiple official exchange rates that overvalue the Burmese Kyat. A major banking crisis in 2003 also contributed a large negative impact on the overall disrupted economy. XI. Potential Benefits A. Market potentialAs already mentioned, Myanmar is one of resourceful countries that have high potential for future growth in tourism industry. The country offers all traditional delights of Asia in one country. If developed properly, the countrys tourism can become one of the worlds famous tourist destinations. perceive this opportunity, Marriott brand can expand globally throughout the Asian Pacific region. Now Marriott brand has its hotel chains in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam in this Asia Pacific region.B. Incentive from local government Myanmars Foreign Investment Law provides a lot of incentives to foreign investors in the form of tariff and taxes. The business will be granted a tax exemption for three consecutive years beginning the first year of opera tion. The country also provides the relief from income tax on profit reinvested within one year. Myanmar guarantees that the business permitted under FIL will be protected from being nationalized during the granted period. C. Relationship to the United StatesHowever, according to Bureau of Democracy Human Right and Labor, the US and Burmese relation has been worsened after the 1988 military coup and reddened suppression of pro-democracy demonstration. Subsequent repression, including the brutal crackdown on peaceful protestors in September 2007, further strained the relationship. In addition, since May 1997, the U. S. Government has prohibited new investment by U. S. persons or entities. A number of U. S. companies exited the Burma market even prior to the imposition of sanctions due to a worsening business climate and mounting reprimand from human rights groups, consumers, and shareholders.The United States has also imposed countermeasures on Burma due to its inadequate measure s to eliminate money laundering. As a result of the above fact, it seems inappropriate for Marriott to enter Myanmar at this moment. Since Marriott is a U. S. based company, the company could run into a big conflict with the U. S. government, which could have a seriously negative impact on its hotel operations around the world.

Characteristics of Humanism Essay

Humanism is a term applied to the social philosophy and literary culture of the Western world during the Renaissance movements that spread across Europe. Washington State University, WSU, quoted on the meshwork Of all the practices of Renaissance Europe, nonhing is used to distinguish the Renaissance from the Middle Ages more than humanitarianism as both a program and a philosophy. The Renaissance in Europe began in Italy, and with it the fund of humanism. The movement began as a response to the troubling times Italy had been facing in the years forward to the beginning of humanism. During the Fourteenth century, Italy had become overpopulated, which resulted in famine and the Black Death.A deterioration for trading with chinaw ar was another issue that we had to take in account.. Humanism was the reason movement responding to this crisis. They began to look at things that had been ignored in the Italian society, and brought ideas to the public eye that revolutionized philosop hy and literature. Ancient Renaissance Philosophers say that Renaissance humanism was considered a rediscovery of the ancient classical learning of Greece and Rome. The Renaissance is characterized by its emphasis on humanism, an emphasis that would suffer a tremendous impact upon the subsequent history of Western civilization.Humanist studies placed us into a different world and changed the face of our lifestyle. Influential factors for Humanism were literature, art as puff up as music. It embraced concepts such(prenominal) as the supernatural as a created psychological human myth. People that where influential to the Humanism period, constructed this fashion model by coupling science with human reason to create an appropriate method for creating an interpretation of ultimate reality. Humanists generally denied the existence of whateverthing outside of nature. They rejected many supernatural beliefs however, disbelief in the supernatural is not a necessity for humanistic belief s (Cunningham 287). Humanists believed science is based on nature, and humans learn from it. I leave go into detail of the nature and beauty of Renaissance art that emphasizes on Humanism art indoors the work..The School of capital of Greece ( 5.77 m * 8.14 m ) was painted by the 27 year old Raphael (Raffaelo) Sanzio (or Santi) for pope Julius II (1503-1513)(MichaelLahanas). We do not know all details of the people who are depicted. Giorgio Vasari, who is an Italian puma and architect, suggested that nearly all Greek philosophers and ancient scientists can be found on this painting. Beyond one of the most important people on this painting is Plato, Aristotle and Michel nonpareilo. The painting frames in the most important separate by setting up the focal point in the middle of the painting.Raphaels School of Athens reflects a high gear degree of sensitivity to ordered space, a complete ease with Classical thought, unadorned inspiration from the Roman architectural past, a bri lliant sense of color and form, and a love for intellectual clarity-characteristics that could sum up the Renaissance ideal (Cunningham 299). It does not only show characteristics of the Renaissance, scarce also characteristics of Humanism, for vitrine its artistic creation on the walls, as well as the well planned building. some other thing that is associated with humanism is the social behavior of the people.The Night figure was created by Michelangelo and it suppose to create the whoremaster of the figure either sleeping or being awake at the same point of time. to the highest degree all of the females bodies that Michelangelo creates, have a masculine body structure as well as fake looking breasts. These two analytical founding are another proof of Humanism. The article round the best Artists said He goes farther away from nature in these Medici figures than in any of his others and requires greater acquiescence from his viewers. Many are not willing to let him lift them so high off the ground. She may be beautiful but shes not a woman. People guessed that Michelangelo was gay, but it was never proofen as a fact.The last artwork that I am going to describe is The prevail Supper by Tintoretto. The Author of auction and sold mentioned that All the outstanding qualities of Tintoretto appear in this strikingly pilot program and complex design. It is characteristic in using intensified streaks of light along limbs and garment-folds, to emphasize the direction of movement, and therefore heighten the effect of dramatic action.In this painting you can see many characteristics of humanism that are shown by the people socializing, enjoying themselves and having seemingly unlimited amounts of food. In the bottom right of the painting, you have people who rig out the food and washthe dishes. This is another characteristic for humanism. We can also see angel like figures in the picture, that move towards the human that has the bright light around his head. This person should represent Jesus, and I believe that those angel or ghost looking creatures are the souls of his friends.Our society is still influenced in the artists, and architects from the Renaissance time period. human-centred ideas have proved to be of great educational value in the formation of civilized and trusty societies, and they are still alive in many intellectual beliefs today.Work CitedCunningham, Lawrence S. Culture & Values. 7th ed. Vol. 2. capital of Massachusetts Wadsworth, 06.Humanism. Washington State University Pullman, Washington. 04 July 2009 .Night by Michelangelo . The Best Artists. 03 July 2009 .Raphaels School of Athens (1/2). Hellenica, Information about Greece and Cyprus, Michael Lahanas. 06 July 2009 .Tintoretto The Last Supper. Old And Sold Antiques Auction. 07 July 2009 .

Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE unofficial Squ ar Textile Ltd. started its operation in 1997. It was enlisted in Dhaka Stock substitute & Chittagong Stock Exchange in 2002. The business lines of Squ ar Textile Ltd. atomic number 18 manufacturing and commercialiseing of yarn. Its factory is located in Gazipur , Dhaka. The manufactures vitamin C% Cotton Ring Span Yarn or hosepipe , 100% Cotton OE Rotor For Hosiery and Knit Fabrics for 100% export point readymade Garments Industry. The strategic Goals and Objectives of the Company are to strive hard to h angiotensin-converting enzyme profit though conduction and transparent business operations and to create to a greater extent competitive in the internal and external market.In home, customer of Square Textile Limited are export oriented readymade Garments Industry. The Company in any case exports its products to the market of Europe & USA . The export sells increased by 19% in 2003 over the previous year. Competition train is increasing both in lo cal and abroad market . Competition will be more stiff after 2005 when multifiber agreement will be phaced out. Among the new(prenominal)wisewise foreign competitors Srilanka , China Pakistan and India are prominent. Square is one of the biggest employees in Bangladesh. It has a personnel and administrative segment . The summation number of employees are 1223.For the employees in that location are systematic in house training in home and abroad . The managing director, the CEO is the head of the executive focus team . Below in on that point are directors , executive directors and general manager. Under the direct super vision of the general manager a number of parts are controlled. The Company is going through continuous growth in production . The total production increased year on year basis at the rates of 0. 43% and 1. 467% during 2002 and 2003 one by one . The Companys operations are out on a aggregate basis and are managed as a single opportunity segment .The Company uses computer Aided Design (CAD) , Computer Aides Spreading (CAS) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) in its plant to increase the over all(prenominal) efficiency and productivity. object The broad objective of this report is to add an overview of HRM practice of Square Textiles Ltd. The specific objectives of this report are To provide Company overview To provide market overview and analysis To reveal operational, management and HRM planning. Discuss all HRM practice METHOLODGY To fasten this report we buzz off collected data from different published materials.Then we harbour conducted a lower-ranking study. After that we have prepared a questionnaire and alikek interview one of the executive serving in this Company. We withal collect data from internet . This course we collected primary data. Thus we have used both primary and secondary report to prepare this report. INTRODUCTION This report is prepared as a want of the course Seminar in Human Re witnesser Manag ement. We selected Square Textiles Ltd. Working on this organization we came to know heterogeneous(a) Kind of HRM practice which are use here. Though it is a textile, it has proved itself in the related diligence s a major competitor. In this report we have followed the guidelines provided by the t severallyer. Here we have tasked non further the HRM practice but also the marketing, management, finance and operational area of the Company. 5. Human resource management 5. 1. Human resource planning Square has a personal and administrative Department . Square is one of the biggest employers in Bangladesh. The total number of employers in Bangladesh . The total number of employees is 1,223. For the employees there are systematic in house training in home and abroad .To motivate the employees, along with salary and benefits the company provides various facilities like free meals , free transportation , 24 hour medical center , on localize sports . Production and accommodation faci lities includes full time supply of safe drinking water, adequate lighting and ventilation system facilities from sheet. 5. 2 HR Practices of straight textile Recruitment Training Performance Management Labor intercourse Employee relation Job analysis Job design weft Development Incentives Benefits 5. 2. 1 Recruitment and Selection put to work in SQUARERecruitment is the process trough which the organization seeks applicants for potential employment. Selection refers to the process by which it renders to identify applicants with the necessary knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics that will help the company achieve its goals, companies engaging in different strategies need different types and numbers of employees. The strategy a company is pursuing will have a direct impact on the types of employees that it seeks to recruit and selection. Source of recruitment There are both kinds of source SQUARE uses for recruitment .They are 1. External source 2. Internal s ource. We try to discuss all relative sources which are used for recruitment in SQUARE. 1. Internal source SQUARE thinks that current employees are a major source of recruits for all but entry-level positions. Whether for promotions or for Lateral short letter transfers, internal candidates already know the informal organization and have detailed information about its formal policies and procedures. Promotions and transfer are typically decided by operating managers with little involvement by HR subdivision. 1. 1Job-posting programsHR departments induce involved when internal job initiations are publicized to employees through job positioning programs, which informs employees about opening and required qualifications and invite qualify employees to apply. The nonices usually are post on company bulletin boards or are placed in the company newspaper. Qualification and other facts typically are drawn from the job analysis information. The purpose of job posting is to encourage em ployees to seek promotion and transfers the help the HR department fill internal opening and meet employees personal objectives.Not all jobs openings are posted . Besides entry level positions, senior management and top stuff positions may be change by merit or with external recruiting. Job posting is most common for lower level clerical, technical and supervisory positions. 1. 2 Departing Employees An often overlooked source of recruiters consists of departing employees. Many employees leave because they can no longer work the traditional 40 hours work week . School, child care needs and other commitments are the common reason.Some might gladly stay if they could rearrange their hours of work or their responsibilities . Instead, they withdraw from when a transfer to a part-time job may retain their valuable skill and training. even up if part-time work is not a solution, a temporary leave of absence may fulfill the employee and some future recruiting need of the employer. 2. Ex ternal source When job opening cannot be filled internally, the HR department of SQUARE must look outside the organization for applicants. We discuss all the external source of recruitment at bellow 2. 1 Walk-ins and Write-insWalk-ins are some seekers who arrived at the HR department of SQUARE in search of a job Write-ins are those who send a written enquire . both groups normally are ask to complete and application program blank to determine their interest and abilities. Usable application is kept in an active file until a suitable opening occurs or until an application is too old to be considered valid, usually six months. 2. 2 Employee referrals Employees may refer job seekers to the HR department . Employee referrals have several advantages . Employees with hard to find job skill may no others who do the equal work.Employees referrals are excellent and legal recruitment technique, but they tend to maintain the status quo of the work advertise in term of raise , religions , se x and other characteristics , possibly leading to charges of discrimination. 2. 3 Advertising insufficiency ads describe the job and the benefits, identify the employer, and tell those who are interested how to apply . They are most acquainted(predicate) form of employment advertising . for highly specialist requites, ads may be placed in professional person journal or out of town newspaper in areas with high concentration of the desired skills physical exertion General Manager- production (ref PM) Age 28-35 years Graduate with specialization in garment mfg technology from NIFT or equiv. -Minimum 10 years experience in similar position of a unit with a tokenish of 1000machines. -Must have detailed hands on knowledge of industrial engineering. We offer competitive salary which is fit with experience and qualification. If you aspire to an exiting and rewarding career , send your detailed resume, quoting your present and expected salaries to jobs. 2. 4 lucre Now straightaway no body thinks anything without internet. So SQUARE give their advertise at internet. poser WWW. bdjobs. com www. square. bd. com decision maker summaryThe highly anticipated and much celebrated release of the newest and perhaps hippest cellular resound on the market has spurred a number of discussions on the applicability of these devices to other forums. An all-important(prenominal) change which has revolutionized not only the way people interact and do business with one another but also the way relationships are formed in this world is the tele think.Alexander Graham Bell could never have imagined that phones today allow people to surf the internet and also watch movies. The telephone has become such an full part of the everyday lives of people. This role is even expected to only become more and more important as the next generation of cellular phones will allow users to watch movies and talk to each other onscreen.This short discourse will therefore discuss the different mark eting strategies for mobile phone providers. This includes the features that are offered in the market for current cellular phones such as the WAP access and even the video or camera quality. As sightn in other pertinent marketing studies that will be discussed in this discourse, there are also other important considerations that consumers take into their decision making process with hear to the corrupt of a mobile phone unit. Using projective techniques and perceptual mapping techniques, this study will attempt to show which of these new features and marketing strategies have the greatest impact on the mobile phone industry.Executive summaryThe highly anticipated and much celebrated release of the newest and perhaps hippest cellular phone on the market has spurred a number of discussions on the applicability of these devices to other forums. An important change which has revolutionized not only the way people interact and do business with one another but also the way relationshi ps are formed in this world is the telephone.Alexander Graham Bell could never have imagined that phones today allow people to surf the internet and also watch movies. The telephone has become such an integral part of the everyday lives of people. This role is even expected to only become more and more important as the next generation of cellular phones will allow users to watch videos and talk to each other onscreen.This short discourse will therefore discuss the different marketing strategies for mobile phone providers. This includes the features that are offered in the market for current cellular phones such as the WAP access and even the video or camera quality. As shown in other pertinent marketing studies that will be discussed in this discourse, there are also other important considerations that consumers take into their decision making process with regard to the purchase of a mobile phone unit. Using projective techniques and perceptual mapping techniques, this study will at tempt to show which of these new features and marketing strategies have the greatest impact on the mobile phone industry.