What Is Critical Literacy Free Essay Example, 1000 words

It is paramount to examine texts, like magazine articles, films, novels, short stories etc from a point that challenges societal beliefs and values. In the classroom critical literacy is mostly used while reading textbooks which will aid adolescents to be able to reason critically. The books so used by the teachers should be able to present trustworthy voices and their themes should focus on such issues as class, gender, prejudice and tolerance so that when students participate in critical literacy, they will be active, strategic and open-minded learners capable of analysing text from a critical point of view(Edward, 2006). Critical literacy is also oftenly used in the classroom in the form of debates and this aids learners in developing critical reasoning skills and constructing critical literacy. Through well-constructed debates students will be able to clarify, illustrate, practice and assist them reflect on various themes. Students can examine those whose knowledge has been priv ileged in the texts with an aim of de-constructing the message for those particular meanings. As readers also, students should evaluate social construction in a text and interrogate the factors that might have influenced the writer to create the wordings in a particular manner. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Critical Literacy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Moreover by using critical literacy, students are encouraged by teachers to view texts from other ways and re-creating them from a standpoint of the marginalized groups so as to analyze social inequities and power relations that have been fostered in the texts. There are various strategies that can be applied in engaging students in critical literacy include utilization of anticipatory activities which include setting of a purpose for reading and students asked questions to enable use their previous knowledge on the matter. This can also be carried out by the teacher reading the text aloud and engaging students in small teams to participate in shared readings. The second strategy involves the teacher asking student questions pertaining identification of key ideas with details that are supportive from the expository texts that were presented on their books such as those of geography. There are a lot of activities that students engage in around critical literacy. Behrman Edward revealed that the commonly used methods that support this phenomenon in practice includes: reading of supplementary texts, reading of several texts, learning from a perspective that is resistant, production of counter-texts and instructing students to conduct research on personal interest topics and social action for challenging students (Edward, 2006). For the purposes of this paper we shall examine the first three methods.

Essay on Revenge in The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan...

Edgar Allan Poe is one of the most celebrated literary authors of all time, known for writing very suspenseful, dramatic short stories and a poet; is considered as being a part of the American Romantic Movement, and a lesser known opinion is he is regarded as the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. Most recognized for his mystery and macabre, a journey into the dark, ghastly stories of death, deception and revenge is what makes up his reputation. The short story under analysis is a part of his latter works; â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, a story of revenge takes readers into the mind of the murderer. With a premeditated motive to commit such an act, the culprit, Montressor, thinks, constructs and orchestrates a presumed murder against†¦show more content†¦For example, when Fortunato says he will not die of a cough, Montresor knowingly replies, â€Å"True, true.† When Fortunato drinks a toast to the dead lying in the catacombs around them, Montresor ironic ally drinks to Fortunatos long life. When Fortunato makes a gesture indicating that he is a member of the secret society of Masons, Montresor claims that he is also and proves it by revealing a trowel, the sign of his plot to wall up Fortunato.†(May) Montresor offers De Grave, a wine, to Fortunato; at one point, Fortunato makes an elaborate and —to the narrators eyes —grotesque gesture with an upraised wine bottle. When Montresor appears not to recognize the gesture, Fortunato asks, You are not of the masons? Montresor says he is, and when Fortunato, disbelieving, requests a sign, Montresor displays a trowel he had been hiding. This story sells the motto â€Å"a sucker is born every minute†, as clearly seen through the duration of the story when Montressor baits his fellow nobleman into going to inspect the authenticity of some wine he apparently has. When told that he was off the seek consultation from another competing wine conissouer, Fortunado eagerly accepts the mans offer to inspect the bottle of wine in his cellar. Montressor conveys his compassion for his clown when he comments about Fortunados cough that he has,Show MoreRelated##arison Of Revenge In The Cask Of Amontillado And A Poison Tree By Edgar Allan Poe1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe deranged but brilliant Edgar Allan Poe once said â€Å"The scariest monsters are the ones that lurk within our souls...† His ideas were found in both â€Å"The Cask Of Amontillado† by Poe, and â€Å"A Poison Tree† by William Blake. In both pieces the authors write about how revenge can create this insane creature within that will only settle for betrayal and destruction. For example, the speakers in both features are wronged by someone and their way of handling it is deceitful murder. The killers on the outsideRead MoreMontresors Unsuccessful Revenge: Subtle Irony in Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe1954 Words   |  8 Pagesliterary career, Edgar Allan Poe applie d irony to his stories. By doing this, his disturbing and odd tales became stories of mental and psychological twists and terror that trouble readers. Poe uses irony in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† to increase mental tension by making the murderer in the story confess the crime that he so carefully planned. The man goes mad by fault of his own conscious and if he had not confessed, the murder would have been a success. Just as in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, Poe utilizesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe, Jr.1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe author, Edgar Allan Poe, was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to traveling actors David Poe, Jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe. He was the second child of three children or otherwise stated as the middle child. His older brother, William Henry Leonard Poe also became a poet and his younger sister, Rosalie Poe taught penmanship at Richmond girls’ school. In 1810, Edgar’s father David Poe Jr. left the family, leaving them in poverty. His mother, Elizabeth Hopkins Poe died of pulmonaryRead More Edgar Allan Poes, The Cask of Amontillado as a Description of Poes Life791 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poes, The Cask of Amontillado as a Description of Poes Life The cast of Amontillado was written by Allan Poe at a time when he felt he was being unjustly attacked. Most critics believe that the cask of Amontillado was written by Poe against his critics in the Mirror. I believe the cask of Amontillado is a story of Revenge and Hatred against some friends whom be believed had wrongfully accused him. A review of Allan Poe as a person and his experiences in life is essential a clearRead MoreThe Oval Portrait By Edgar Allan Poe1490 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe’s Short Stories Edgar Allan Poe is a much known author. He is known for writing dark and mysterious stories and poems. â€Å"His imaginative storytelling led to literary innovations, earning him the nickname Father of the Detective Story (Edgar Allan Poe Biography.com). When writing stories he wanted the readers to have that one emotion or feeling when reading his writing. Poe has very many stories he is known for two of those short stories being; â€Å"The Oval Portrait† and â€Å"The Cask ofRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes The Cask of the Amontillado Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesSomething Unexpected Poe has written a several different stories relating to being buried alive, â€Å"The Premature Burial† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† being the most popular. Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"was one of the seminal American poets and short story writers of the nineteenth century† he was an influencer for writers like Charles Baudelaire and Jules Verne. Poe lost both of his parents as a child and was raised with a foster family and lost his foster mom early, too. He lost many of his loved onesRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado and Hills Like White Elephants577 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe amp; â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemmingway Analysis of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe Abstract â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe, is a short story about a man named Montessor who gets revenge on one of his â€Å"friends† named Fortunado by trapping him and burying him alive. Treatment Setting: Two kinds Plot: Man gets revenge on his â€Å"friend† Characters: Montresor, Fortunado, Montresor’s familyRead MoreFor the Love of God, Poe! Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesIt is not at all surprising that so many of Edgar Allan Poe’s works explore such themes as death, eyes, the power of the dead over the power of the living, retribution, the human conscience, and especially death and murder. From his disturbingly morbid short story â€Å"The Telltale Heart† to the mysteriously supernatural poem â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s tales are a direct byproduct of the mayhem experienced in his life, as well as his (arguably) psychologically-tormented mind. Though all of this author’s piecesRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado 945 Words   |  4 Pages3, 2014 Revenge and Irony A friendship is based on trust, but do we truly know anyone in the way we think? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, a man named Fortunato is about to find out what kind of ‘friend’ Montresor really is. Montresor shows himself to be friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. In different ways, both of these men are proud and appear upper class, yet both have faults which will be there undoing. Edgar Allan Poe uses languageRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with Montressor

Methods to Reduce Air Pollution Essay - 1898 Words

Methods to Reduce Air Pollution Air pollution is nothing new. Ever since the discovery of fire, less-than-desirable substances have been vented into the air. One of the first air-pollution regulations dates back to the fourteenth century, when King Edward I banned the burning of sea coal in lime kilns. U.S. air-pollution regulations have their roots in British Common Law. But regardless of those efforts, air pollution continues to be a serious local and world-wide problem. Pollution is the pressure within the air of one or more substances that are harmful to human health, welfare, animal or plant life, or property. In the past with air pollution we included mainly the outdoor pollutants, although in recent years this is not the case.†¦show more content†¦All these particles are mainly products of combustion. The major sources include industrial processes, power plants that are both coal and oil-fired, residential heating, and transportation. But coal burning is the greatest source. Table 1 below shows estimates of U.S. particulate emissions from various sources. TABLE 1 National U.S. Emissions Estimates-1990 (Million metric tons/year) SOURCE PARTICULATES SULFUR OXIDES CARBON MONOXIDES Transportation Highway 1.3 0.6 30.3 Aircraft 0.1 0 1.1 RailSea 0 0.3 1.9 Off-Highway equipment 0.1 0.1 4.4 TOTAL 1.5 1 37.7 Stationary fuel combustion Electric utilities 0.4 14.2 0.3 Indusrial furnaces 0.3 2.3 0.7 Commercial 0 0.4 0.1 Residential 1 0.3 6.4 TOTAL 1.7 17.2 7.5 Industrial processes 2.8 3.1 4.7 Solid waste disposal 0.3 0 1.7 Miacellaneous Forest fires 1.1 0 8.1 Other burning 0.1 0 0.6 Misc. Organic solvents 0 0 0 TOTAL 1.2 0 8.7 OVERALL TOTAL 7.5 21.3 60.3 Only 13% of the total is generated by transportation. Industrial sources account for nearly three times as much as 37%. Fires account for just about as much particulate emissions as transportation. That amount is matched by combustion from sources, which include the generation of all heat and electricity. Emissions When coal was the main source to generate energy, power plants and homes accounted for much greaterShow MoreRelatedAmbient Air Pollution Is Bad For The Planet977 Words   |  4 PagesLinked to Exposure of Ambient Air Pollution Most people have heard that air pollution is bad for the planet. That pollutants we put in the air are causing this thing called â€Å"Global Warming.† The information that sometimes gets left out is the impact of ambient air pollution to the health of humans. Ambient air pollution is outdoor pollution originating from industries, cars, and trucks. These pollutants can wreak havoc on the human respiratory system (Ambient air pollution). Respiratory conditions suchRead MoreProblems Face by Earth948 Words   |  4 Pagesgreenhouse gases in the air. Planting trees and recycling also helps. If you recycle, less trash goes to the dump, and less trash gets burned. As a result, there are fewer greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere. Another way to prevent global warning is through recycling method . Do your part to reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Buying products with minimal packaging (including the economy size when that makes sense for you) will help to reduce waste. And whenever youRead MoreEssay on Low Health Expectancy1034 Words   |  5 Pagesexpectancy in developing countries? Discuss possible solutions to reduce this problem. Tutor Name: Andrew Nummey Student ID Number: 200860429 Date of Submission: Friday 2nd December 2011 Word count:966 STUDENT ID: 200860429 MODULE CODE: FC501 3T ANDREW NUMMEY What are the factors which contribute to low health expectancy in developing countries? Discuss possible solutions to reduce this problem. Low health expectancy continues to be a majorRead MoreUnderstanding Air Pollution Causing By Nitrogen Oxide952 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a huge amount of nitrogen oxide is being emitted into the air it forms smog and acid rain. Acid rain can damage everything that it falls on mainly the environment; it contaminated human resources such as water and etc. Once the acid rain contaminates the water resources it deteriorates the water quality causing more nitrogen to be in the water. With more nitrogen present in the water it upset the chemical balance of nutrients/ minerals that are being consume by the aquatic plants and animalsRead MoreUrbanization Of China s Urbanization1639 Words   |  7 Pagescongestion which is the number one factor of air pollution. China is known as a very highly developed country with over 1 billion people. Urbanization has greatly impacted China in many ways. There is a huge demanding population for communities in these largely populated cities like Shangha i and Beijing, there will have to be urbanization. While urbanization in megacities is a positive solution because it brings development to the country, China should try to reduce the urbanization of megacities becauseRead MoreCoal-fired Power Plant 1433 Words   |  6 Pagesacid rains, storms, droughts, etc. Along with the hostile environment, the human beings are in danger of the spreading disease, such as malaria. Coal-fired power plant generates 44 percent of the electricity; however, it is considered the biggest air polluter in the United States and one of the biggest factors in causing global warming. The greenhouse gas emissions from the coal-fired power plants are threatening the human health and the ecosystems. Fortunately, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld theRead MoreJudgement On Clean Air Or Money1343 Words   |  6 PagesJudgement on Clean Air or Money Economic development will damage the environment more or less, so the choice between the economic development and environmental protection has always been a difficult social problem that challenges many developing countries. China has been suffering by its air pollution for years because people burn too much fossil fuels with few regulations before it become a serious social problem for the whole country. United States as the top of developed countries is also notRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Plants, Animals, And Structures951 Words   |  4 PagesDescriptive Analysis: Air Pollution in California Holly Torres California Baptist University November 11, 2015 Background Information Air pollution has adverse effects on plants, animals, human beings, and structures; air pollution is caused by the introduction of foreign elements, fumes, and other impurities in the air. Over time, air pollution has been a major health problem caused by both human and natural causes. As the years advance, air pollution has become an issue of concern throughoutRead MoreHealth Effects Of Air And Water Pollutants1159 Words   |  5 PagesHealth effects of air and water pollutants are major environmental issues that need to be better understood and controlled in the United States and globally. â€Å"Pollution can occur from natural causes or from human activities† (Air and Water Pollution, 2015, p. 1). This issue is so important for many reasons, but for this discussion, it is being identified to give a voice to the urgency for the world to pay attention to how our environment is falling into a catastrophic level of decline because ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Pollution On The En vironment1636 Words   |  7 PagesThere are several types of pollution in the atmosphere: Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and many more. It is corroding away our trees and contaminating our water. People take no interest in looking after the environment because they cannot see the effects it is causing the earth. Pollution is becoming dangerously high and it is beginning to affect wildlife. Due to the water being contaminated, they have no safe drinking water. These high levels of pollution in the animals’ drinking

Preclinical Detection of Variant CJD and BSE †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Preclinical Detection of Variant CJD and BSE. Answer: Introduction: JCD is a neurodegenerative disorder which is caused due to the altered folding of the host prion proteins. People suffering from CJD suffer from severe dementia, slurred speech, twitching of muscles and tremors, slurred speech, loss of speech, blindness. Finally the person becomes bedridden. Most of the people end up dying due to pneumonia (Head and Ironside 2012). Human prion diseases can be hereditary, acquired or sporadic. The cause of the sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is not known, but hereditary cases are associated with mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP) (Siroska et al.2012). The infections can also be transferred from infected humans to other. vCJD is a new form of prion disease and resembles Bovine spongioform encephalopathy (Lacroux et al. 2014). Kuru, vCJD, iCJD all are caused by the proteinacious infected particle formed due to the altered folding of the host prion protein PrPc to infectious PrPsc (Siroska et al.2012). The common signs and symptoms of al the prion diseases are almost same such as severe dementia, insomnia, twitching of muscles, neuronal loss, loss of physical coordination, distorted speaking, loss of speech, blindness, coma followed by death. Symptoms of Kuru involve compulsive crying or laughing (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). Kuru is a fatal nervous system disease and is highly prevalent during the 1950s and 1960 in people residing in the highlands of New Guinea. The fore people contracted this disease on eating the infected brains of the dead people as the funeral rites (Siroska et al.2012). Kuru mainly occurs as a result of cannibalism or coming in to contact with open wounds or sores of somebody with kuru. Many years later it was found that in this disease the infected brain resembles sponges with holes (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). Iatrogenic CJD is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs due to the exposure to prion infections (Siroska et al.2012). Exposure to the prion particles may occur due to medical treatment that involves blood products or tissues from an infected individual. It can occur during the organ transplants, preparation of hormones (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). One can be contracted to this by unexpected incidents such as stab wounds by a needle that was in contact with a brain or tissue infected with CJD. Symptoms of Iatrogenic CJD are almost similar to that of sporadic CJD. It involves depression, memory lapse with a rapid progression to dementia. iCJD is very rare in comparison to kuru or variant CJD. Less than 1 percent of the cases have been found to contract acquired CJD (Siroska et al.2012). vCJD is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease. It belonged to the family of diseases known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (Lacroux et al.2014). vCJD is differentiated from kuru and other CJD in the context that vCJd shows its onset at a much younger age than that of CJD. In vCJD the amount of the amyloid plaques is much more than that of classical CJD (Siroska et al.2012). Unlike Kuru and iCJD, vCJD is caused from the consumption of contaminated meat products from cattle having a disease called bovine Spongiform encephalopathy or ' mad cow disease'. According to findings, the infectious particle responsible for the BSE in cattles is the same as the causative agent of vCJD. Symptoms are same as that of the other classes of CJD. vCJD as first discovered in 1996, and was prevalent mainly in Great Britain along with many other European countries. The initial symptom of vCJD is different from the other forms of CJD. It occurs in typically younger patients as compared to the other forms, whereas in the other forms, the median age is about 68 years (Urwin et al.2016). The incubation period of vCJD is unknown (Siroska et al.2012). vCJD have typical unique features, having prominent clinical manifestations. The neurologic abnormalities are delayed. The duration of the illness lasts for about 6 months after which the patient dies. The presence of florid plaques is rarely found in other forms of CJD, but in vCJD it is present in large numbers (Lacroux et al.2014). The infectious agent is usually not determined in the other two forms of CJD but is readily found in the lymphoid tissues (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease vCJD is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by the infectious prior protein that was discovered in the United Kingdom in the year 1996. It is characterized by the formation of holes in the brain due to the accumulation of the amyloid plaques in the brain (Davidson et al.2014). The agent responsible for the prion diseases in cows, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is the same agent for causing vCJD in humans (Siroska et al.2012). vCJD is exclusively caused by the prion protein designated as PrPsc without any encoding nucleic acid. PrPSc is nothing but an altered form of the normal host functional prion protein PrPc. Abnormal prion proteins are generated due to the abnormal folding of the PrPc protein (Sikorska and Liberski 2012). PrPc is protinease sensitive but PrPsc are resistant to proteases and hence deposit as amyloid plaques. The infectious prion proteins are transmissible and self propagating. More abnormal prion proteins are produced; it converts rest of the normal proteins to its abnormal isoforms rapidly (Lacroux et al.2014). It has been found that the conformational change in the PrPc is caused due to the mutation in the PRNP gene, which modifies the sequence of the amino acids. A valine or methionine polymorphism at the codon number 129 of the PRNP gene is the probable cause of the disease (Lacroux et al.2014). Normally the host protein contains alpha helical structures, but in the altered protein beta sheets are present. Biological mechanism According to Siroska et al.(2012) the time of the incubation period PrPsc is present in all the tissue fluids, especially in the spinal fluids. At first intracytoplasmic vacuoles are formed in the neurons. With the progression of the disease the vacuolization becomes more prominent and the cortical neurophil resembles a sponge (Manix et al.2015). Advanced stage progresses with neuronal loss, brain atrophy and gliosis. The purkinje cells of the brain are lost. In some diseases related to prion infection, the PrPsc protein deposits as amyloid palques. Variant CJD is normally diagnosed by neuropathology examination. At the initial stage the disease remains asymptomatic with irreversible neurodegenerative loss (Siroska et al.2012). The disease is diagnosed by autopsy, tonsil biopsy that exploits a vast tissue distribution of the infectious protein compared to other prion diseases. Biopsy is a 100% specific test for vCJD and is specific and sensitive (Paterson et al.2012). Preclinical diagnosis is normally done by the tonsil biopsy. Neuropathologic examination reveals amyloid plaques surrounded by vacuoles in the brain which are known as florid plaques. References Davidson, L.R.R., Llewelyn, C.A., Mackenzie, J.M., Hewitt, P.E. and Will, R.G., 2014. Variant CJD and blood transfusion: are there additional cases?.Vox sanguinis,107(3), pp.220-225. Hall, J.E., 2015.Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Head, M.W. and Ironside, J.W., 2012. CreutzfeldtJakob disease: prion protein type, disease phenotype and agent strain.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology,38(4), pp.296-310. Lacroux, C., Comoy, E., Moudjou, M., Perret-Liaudet, A., Lugan, S., Litaise, C., Simmons, H., Jas-Duval, C., Lantier, I., Bringue, V. and Groschup, M., 2014. Preclinical detection of variant CJD and BSE prions in blood.PLoS pathogens,10(6), p.e1004202. Manix, M., Kalakoti, P., Henry, M., Thakur, J., Menger, R., Guthikonda, B. and Nanda, A., 2015. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: updated diagnostic criteria, treatment algorithm, and the utility of brain biopsy.Neurosurgical focus,39(5), p.E2. Paterson, R.W., Torres-Chae, C.C., Kuo, A.L., Ando, T., Nguyen, E.A., Wong, K., DeArmond, S.J., Haman, A., Garcia, P., Johnson, D.Y. and Miller, B.L., 2012. Differential diagnosis of Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease.Archives of neurology,69(12), pp.1578-1582. Sikorska, B. and Liberski, P.P., 2012. Human prion diseases: from Kuru to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. InProtein Aggregation and Fibrillogenesis in Cerebral and Systemic Amyloid Disease(pp. 457-496). Springer Netherlands. Sikorska, B., Knight, R., Ironside, J.W. and Liberski, P.P., 2012. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.Neurodegenerative Diseases, pp.76-90. Urwin, P.J.M., Mackenzie, J.M., Llewelyn, C.A., Will, R.G. and Hewitt, P.E., 2016. CreutzfeldtJakob disease and blood transfusion: updated results of the UK Transfusion Medicine Epidemiology Review Study.Vox sanguinis,110(4), pp.310-316.